Baruah Cinmoyee, Nath Prangan, Barah Pankaj
Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, 784028, Napaam, Sonitpur, Assam, India.
Mol Biol Rep. 2022 Dec;49(12):11515-11534. doi: 10.1007/s11033-022-07819-x. Epub 2022 Sep 12.
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are 200 nucleotide extended transcripts that do not encode proteins or possess limited coding ability. LncRNAs epigenetically control several biological functions such as gene regulation, transcription, mRNA splicing, protein interaction, and genomic imprinting. Over the years, drastic progress in understanding the role of lncRNAs in diverse biological processes has been made. LncRNAs are reported to show tissue-specific expression patterns suggesting their potential as novel candidate biomarkers for diseases. Among all other non-coding RNAs, lncRNAs are highly expressed within the brain-enriched or brain-specific regions of the neural tissues. They are abundantly expressed in the neocortex and pre-mature frontal regions of the brain. LncRNAs are co-expressed with the protein-coding genes and have a significant role in the evolution of functions of the brain. Any deregulation in the lncRNAs contributes to disruptions in normal brain functions resulting in multiple neurological disorders. Neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disease, autism spectrum disorders, and anxiety are associated with the abnormal expression and regulation of lncRNAs. This review aims to highlight the understanding of lncRNAs concerning normal brain functions and their deregulation associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. We have also provided a survey on the available computational tools for the prediction of lncRNAs, their protein coding potentials, and sub-cellular locations, along with a section on existing online databases with known lncRNAs, and their interactions with other molecules.
长链非编码RNA（lncRNAs）是长度超过200个核苷酸的转录本，不编码蛋白质或编码能力有限。lncRNAs通过表观遗传方式控制多种生物学功能，如基因调控、转录、mRNA剪接、蛋白质相互作用和基因组印记。多年来，在理解lncRNAs在多种生物学过程中的作用方面取得了巨大进展。据报道，lncRNAs表现出组织特异性表达模式，表明它们有可能成为新型疾病候选生物标志物。在所有其他非编码RNA中，lncRNAs在神经组织中富含大脑或大脑特异性区域高度表达。它们在大脑的新皮层和前额叶区域大量表达。lncRNAs与蛋白质编码基因共表达，在大脑功能进化中起重要作用。lncRNAs的任何失调都会导致正常脑功能紊乱，进而引发多种神经疾病。精神分裂症、双相情感障碍、自闭症谱系障碍和焦虑症等神经精神疾病都与lncRNAs的异常表达和调控有关。本综述旨在强调对lncRNAs在正常脑功能方面的理解以及它们与神经精神疾病相关的失调情况。我们还提供了一份关于预测lncRNAs、其蛋白质编码潜力和亚细胞定位的现有计算工具的综述，以及一部分关于已知lncRNAs的现有在线数据库及其与其他分子相互作用的内容。
