Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 E. Green St., Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Rm 4115, Building E26, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.
Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2023 Feb;98(1):150-167. doi: 10.1111/brv.12900. Epub 2022 Sep 12.
Non-indigenous species (NIS) and hypoxia (<2 mg O l ) can disturb and restructure aquatic communities. Both are heavily influenced by human activities and are intensifying with global change. As these disturbances increase, understanding how they interact to affect native species and systems is essential. To expose patterns, outcomes, and generalizations, we thoroughly reviewed the biological invasion literature and compiled 100 studies that examine the interaction of hypoxia and NIS. We found that 64% of studies showed that NIS are tolerant of hypoxia, and 62% showed that NIS perform better than native species under hypoxia. Only one-quarter of studies examined NIS as creators of hypoxia; thus, NIS are more often considered passengers associated with hypoxia, rather than drivers of it. Paradoxically, the NIS that most commonly create hypoxia are primary producers. Taxa like molluscs are typically more hypoxia tolerant than mobile taxa like fish and crustaceans. Most studies examine individual-level or localized responses to hypoxia; however, the most extensive impacts occur when hypoxia associated with NIS affects communities and ecosystems. We discuss how these influences of hypoxia at higher levels of organization better inform net outcomes of the biological invasion process, i.e. establishment, spread, and impact, and are thus most useful to management. Our review identifies wide variation in the way in which the interaction between hypoxia and NIS is studied in the literature, and suggests ways to address the number of variables that affect their interaction and refine insight gleaned from future studies. We also identify a clear need for resource management to consider the interactive effects of these two global stressors which are almost exclusively managed independently.
外来物种（NIS）和低氧（<2mg O l ）会干扰和重构水生群落。这两者都受到人类活动的强烈影响，并随着全球变化而加剧。随着这些干扰的增加，了解它们如何相互作用影响本地物种和系统是至关重要的。为了揭示这些模式、结果和概括，我们彻底回顾了生物入侵文献，并汇编了 100 项研究，这些研究考察了低氧和 NIS 的相互作用。我们发现，64%的研究表明 NIS 能够耐受低氧，62%的研究表明 NIS 在低氧条件下比本地物种表现更好。只有四分之一的研究将 NIS 作为低氧的创造者进行了研究；因此，NIS 更多地被认为是与低氧相关的乘客，而不是低氧的驱动因素。具有讽刺意味的是，最常见的产生低氧的 NIS 是初级生产者。像软体动物这样的分类群通常比鱼类和甲壳类等移动分类群更能耐受低氧。大多数研究都是在个体水平或局部范围内研究对低氧的反应；然而，当与 NIS 相关的低氧影响到群落和生态系统时，最广泛的影响就会发生。我们讨论了在更高层次的组织中，低氧的这些影响如何更好地说明生物入侵过程的净结果，即建立、传播和影响，因此对管理最有用。我们的综述确定了文献中研究低氧与 NIS 相互作用的方式存在广泛差异，并提出了一些方法来处理影响它们相互作用的大量变量，并从未来的研究中提炼出更深入的见解。我们还确定了资源管理需要考虑这两个全球压力因素的交互作用，这两个因素几乎完全是独立管理的。
