肯尼亚基苏木县居民在使用青蒿素联合疗法十多年后的疟疾负担趋势：一项基于实验室的11年回顾性研究

Trend of Malaria Burden Among Residents of Kisii County, Kenya After More Than a Decade Usage of Artemisinin Combined Therapies, 11-Year Laboratory Based Retrospective Study.

作者信息

Maniga Josephat Nyabayo, Samuel Mong'are, Rael Masai, Odda John, Martin Odoki, Ntulume Ibrahim, Bwogo Pacifica, Mfitundinda Wilberforce, Akinola Saheed Adekunle

机构信息

Department of Biological Sciences, Kisii University, Kisii, Kenya.

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda.

出版信息

Infect Drug Resist. 2022 Sep 6;15:5221-5232. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S370218. eCollection 2022.

DOI:10.2147/IDR.S370218

PMID:36097528

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9464030/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Malaria remains a major vector borne disease globally, with the majority of the casualties reported in Africa. Despite this fact, there is drastic reduction in malaria infection using Artemisinin combined therapies (ACTs). Malaria is characterized by significant inconsistency in different geographical locations due to different confounding factors. There is need to identify zone-specific malaria trends and interventions to completely eliminate the disease. Thus the study was aimed at assessing the 11-year trend of microscopically confirmed malaria cases in Kisii County, Kenya, so as to devise area-specific evidence-based interventions, informed decisions, and to track the effectiveness of malaria control programs.

METHODS

This was a retrospective study carried out to determine 11-year malaria trend rates centered on the admission and laboratory records from health facilities located at four Sub-Counties in Kisii County, Kenya. Parasitological positivity rates of malaria were determined by comparing with the register records in health facilities which recorded confirmed malaria cases with the total number of monthly admissions over the entire year. Data was analyzed by using descriptive tools and chi-square test.

RESULTS

There were 36,946 suspect cases, with 8449 (22.8%) confirmed malaria cases reported in this study. The overall malaria slide positivity rate over the last 11 years in the study area was 22.6%. The months of April and August showed the largest number of malaria cases (63%). The age group of ≥18 years contained the most positive confirmed cases, having a prevalence rate of 2953 (35.45%). Out of the confirmed malaria cases, 2379 (28.1%) were males and 6070 (71.9%) were females The highest malaria prevalence rate was recorded in 2014, with Marani Sub-County recording the highest positivity rate of 37.94%.

CONCLUSION

From the observed trends, malaria prevalence and transmission still remains stable in the study area. Thus more interventions need to be scaled up.

摘要

背景

疟疾仍然是全球主要的媒介传播疾病，大部分伤亡报告发生在非洲。尽管如此，使用青蒿素联合疗法（ACTs）后疟疾感染率大幅下降。由于不同的混杂因素，疟疾在不同地理位置存在显著差异。有必要确定特定区域的疟疾趋势和干预措施，以彻底消除该疾病。因此，本研究旨在评估肯尼亚基苏木县显微镜确诊疟疾病例的11年趋势，以便制定针对特定区域的循证干预措施、做出明智决策，并跟踪疟疾控制项目的效果。

方法

这是一项回顾性研究，以肯尼亚基苏木县四个分区卫生设施的入院和实验室记录为中心，确定11年的疟疾趋势率。通过将卫生设施登记记录中确诊的疟疾病例与全年每月入院总数进行比较，确定疟疾的寄生虫阳性率。使用描述性工具和卡方检验对数据进行分析。

结果

本研究共报告36946例疑似病例，其中8449例（22.8%）确诊为疟疾病例。研究区域过去11年的总体疟疾涂片阳性率为22.6%。4月和8月的疟疾病例数最多（63%）。≥18岁年龄组的确诊阳性病例最多，患病率为2953例（35.45%）。在确诊的疟疾病例中，男性2379例（28.1%），女性6070例（71.9%）。2014年疟疾患病率最高，马拉尼分区的阳性率最高，为37.94%。