Pitchaiya Selvakumar, Eswaramoorthy Nandhakumar, Madurai Ramakrishnan Venkatraman, Natarajan Muthukumarasamy, Velauthapillai Dhayalan
Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, 5063 Bergen, Norway.
Department of Physics, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 014, India.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2022 Sep 28;14(38):43050-43066. doi: 10.1021/acsami.2c02463. Epub 2022 Sep 13.
In the emerging photovoltaic (PV) technologies, the golden triangle rule includes higher efficiency, longevity (or stability), and low cost, which are the foremost criteria for the root of commercial feasibility. Accordingly, a unique low-cost, ecofriendly, all-solution-processed, "bio-inspired" graphitic carbon (extracted from the most invasive plant species of : listed as one of the 100 most dangerous species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature) and a mixed halide perovskite interface-engineered, unique single-cell large-scale (10 × 10 sq.cm with an active area of 88 cm) carbon-based perovskite solar cell (C-PSC) are demonstrated for the first time, delivering a maximum PCE of 6.32%. Notable performance was observed under low light performance for the interface-engineered champion device fabricated using the layer-to-layer approach, which, even when tested under fluorescent room light condition (at 200 lux of about ∼0.1 SUN illumination), exhibited a significant PCE. In terms of addressing the stability issues in the fabricated PSC devices, the present work has adopted a two-step strategy: the instability toward the extrinsic factors is addressed by encapsulation, and the subsequent intrinsic instability issue is also addressed through interfacial engineering. Surprisingly, when tested under various stability conditions (STC) such as ambient air, light (continuous 1 SUN, under room light illumination (0.1 SUN) and direct sunlight), severe damp up to a depth of ∼25 mm water (cold (∼15 °C) and hot (∼65 °C)), acidic pH (∼5), and alkaline pH (∼11)) conditions, the fabricated large-scale carbon-based perovskite solar cells (C-LSPSCs) retained unexpected long-term stability in their performance for over 50 days. As to appraise the performance superiority of the fabricated C-LSPSC devices under various aforesaid testing conditions, a working model of a mini-fan has been practically powered and demonstrated.
在新兴的光伏（PV）技术中，金三角法则包括更高的效率、寿命（或稳定性）和低成本，这些是商业可行性根源的首要标准。因此，首次展示了一种独特的低成本、生态友好、全溶液处理的“生物启发”石墨碳（从最具侵入性的植物物种中提取：被国际自然保护联盟列为100种最危险物种之一）和混合卤化物钙钛矿界面工程化的独特单电池大规模（10×10平方厘米，有效面积88平方厘米）碳基钙钛矿太阳能电池（C-PSC），其最大光电转换效率（PCE）为6.32%。对于采用层对层方法制造的界面工程冠军器件，在低光照性能下观察到了显著性能，即使在荧光室光条件下（约200勒克斯，约0.1太阳光照度）测试时，也表现出了显著的光电转换效率。在解决制造的PSC器件中的稳定性问题方面，目前的工作采用了两步策略：通过封装解决对外在因素的不稳定性，随后通过界面工程解决内在不稳定性问题。令人惊讶的是，当在各种稳定性条件（标准测试条件，STC）下进行测试时，如在环境空气中、光照下（连续1太阳光照、室光照明（0.1太阳光照）和直射阳光下）、深度达约25毫米水的严重潮湿（冷（约15°C）和热（约65°C））、酸性pH值（约5）和碱性pH值（约11）条件下，制造的大规模碳基钙钛矿太阳能电池（C-LSPSCs）在其性能上保持了超过50天的意外长期稳定性。为了评估制造的C-LSPSC器件在上述各种测试条件下的性能优势，一个微型风扇的工作模型已实际供电并展示。
