Gaspar Pedro Miguel, Campos-Magdaleno María, Pereiro Arturo X, Facal David, Juncos-Rabadán Onésimo
UNICES, Universidade da Maia, Maia, Portugal.
Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2022 Aug 30;13:968343. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.968343. eCollection 2022.
Research on prevalence of cognitive frailty phenotypes in community-dwelling older adults in different countries is important to estimate their prevalence and to determine the influence of cognitive reserve and mental health in order to prevent frailty. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of reversible and potentially reversible cognitive frailty (R-CF, PR-CF) in a Portuguese sample of old adults and explore the associations between these phenotypes and demographic, comorbidity, social support, cognitive reserve and mental health factors.
We assessed frailty (Fried criteria) in 250 community-dwelling older adults (179 women) aged 60 years or over (mean 71.04 years) without dementia, neurological or psychiatric disorders. Subjective cognitive decline and Mild cognitive impairment were diagnosed according to standard criteria. The questionnaires Charlson Index, Medical Outcomes Study Social Support, Cognitive Reserve Index and General Health were used for assessing comorbidity, social support, cognitive reserve and mental health, respectively.
Prevalence of R-CF was 14%, and that of PR-CF, 15.2%. Cognitive frailty profiles differed significantly in relation to education, comorbidity, mental health, and cognitive reserve, but not in age or sex. Multivariate logistic regression showed that age, sex, comorbidity, social support, mental health, and cognitive reserve together predicted R-CF and PR-CF (90% specificity 75% sensitivity) with significant OR for mental health and cognitive reserve.
Cognitive reserve and mental health are important factors predicting R-CF and PR-CF. We recommend assessing these factors for early detection of cognitive frailty and promoting psychological well-being and lifestyles that increase cognitive reserve in adults.
研究不同国家社区居住的老年人认知衰弱表型的患病率，对于估计其患病率以及确定认知储备和心理健康的影响以预防衰弱至关重要。本研究的目的是估计葡萄牙老年人群样本中可逆和潜在可逆认知衰弱（R-CF，PR-CF）的患病率，并探讨这些表型与人口统计学、合并症、社会支持、认知储备和心理健康因素之间的关联。
我们评估了250名年龄在60岁及以上（平均71.04岁）、无痴呆、神经系统或精神疾病的社区居住老年人（179名女性）的衰弱情况（采用Fried标准）。根据标准标准诊断主观认知下降和轻度认知障碍。分别使用Charlson指数问卷、医学结局研究社会支持问卷、认知储备指数问卷和一般健康问卷来评估合并症、社会支持、认知储备和心理健康。
R-CF的患病率为14%，PR-CF的患病率为15.2%。认知衰弱概况在教育程度、合并症、心理健康和认知储备方面存在显著差异，但在年龄或性别方面无差异。多因素逻辑回归显示，年龄、性别、合并症、社会支持、心理健康和认知储备共同预测了R-CF和PR-CF（特异性90%，敏感性75%），心理健康和认知储备的优势比具有显著性。
认知储备和心理健康是预测R-CF和PR-CF的重要因素。我们建议评估这些因素以早期发现认知衰弱，并促进成年人的心理健康和增加认知储备的生活方式。
