Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Center of Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2024 Jul;196(7):4644-4660. doi: 10.1007/s12010-023-04734-0. Epub 2023 Sep 29.
Almost 70% of clinically used antineoplastic drugs are originated from natural products such as plants, marine organism, and microorganisms and some of them are also structurally modified natural products. The naturally occurring drugs may specifically act as inducers of selective cytotoxicity, anti-metastatic, anti-mutagenic, anti-angiogenesis, antioxidant accelerators, apoptosis inducers, autophagy inducers, and cell cycle inhibitors in cancer therapy. Precisely, several reports have demonstrated the involvement of naturally occurring anti-breast cancer drugs in regulating the expression of oncogenic and tumor suppressors associated with carcinogen metabolism and signaling pathways. Anticancer therapies based on nanotechnology have the potential to improve patient outcomes through targeted therapy, improved drug delivery, and combination therapies. This paper has reviewed the current treatment for breast cancer and the potential disadvantages of those therapies, besides the various mechanism used by naturally occurring phytochemicals to induce apoptosis in different types of breast cancer. Along with this, the contribution of nanotechnology in improving the effectiveness of anticancer drugs was also reviewed. With the development of sciences and technologies, phytochemicals derived from natural products are continuously discovered; however, the search for novel natural products as chemoprevention drugs is still ongoing, especially for the advanced stage of breast cancer. Continued research and development in this field hold great promise for advancing cancer care and improving patient outcomes.
近 70%的临床应用抗肿瘤药物来源于天然产物，如植物、海洋生物和微生物，其中一些也是结构修饰的天然产物。天然存在的药物可能特异性地作为选择性细胞毒性、抗转移、抗突变、抗血管生成、抗氧化加速剂、凋亡诱导剂、自噬诱导剂和细胞周期抑制剂的诱导剂在癌症治疗中发挥作用。确切地说，有几项报告表明，天然存在的抗乳腺癌药物参与调节与致癌物代谢和信号通路相关的致癌基因和肿瘤抑制因子的表达。基于纳米技术的抗癌疗法有可能通过靶向治疗、改善药物递送和联合疗法来改善患者的治疗效果。本文综述了目前乳腺癌的治疗方法以及这些疗法的潜在缺点，此外还综述了天然植物化学物质诱导不同类型乳腺癌细胞凋亡的各种机制。此外，还综述了纳米技术在提高抗癌药物疗效方面的作用。随着科学技术的发展，不断发现源自天然产物的植物化学物质；然而，寻找新型天然产物作为化学预防药物的研究仍在继续，特别是针对乳腺癌的晚期。该领域的持续研究和开发为推进癌症护理和改善患者预后带来了巨大希望。
