Escudero Mendez Lisbeth, Srinivasan Mirra, Hamouda Ranim K, Ambedkar Baba, Arzoun Hadia, Sahib Isra, Fondeur Jack, Mohammed Lubna
Pathology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.
Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.
Cureus. 2022 Aug 16;14(8):e28056. doi: 10.7759/cureus.28056. eCollection 2022 Aug.
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has been extensively studied not just for its aggressive behavior but also to understand its complex molecular nature. This type of heterogeneous tumor shows no expression of estrogen receptor (ER) or progesterone receptor (PR) and does not express the HER2 gene, and often these tumors are high grade with distinct histological groups. The basal-like subtype is most commonly related to the TNBC type of neoplasms; it can be further classified according to Lehmann and Burstein expert's criteria. TNBC is related to breast stem cell markers such as CD44+/CD24- and high levels of enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), which have been shown to possess stem cell features that are involved in differentiation, vascular invasion, tumorigenesis, and metastatic potential. CD44+/CD24- and high levels of ALDH have significance as markers as well as indicators of poor prognosis in TNBC. The databases used in this review are PMC, PubMed, and Google Scholar.
三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）不仅因其侵袭性而受到广泛研究，还因其复杂的分子性质而备受关注。这种异质性肿瘤不表达雌激素受体（ER）或孕激素受体（PR），也不表达HER2基因，并且这些肿瘤通常分级较高，具有不同的组织学类型。基底样亚型最常与TNBC类型的肿瘤相关；它可以根据莱曼和伯斯坦专家的标准进一步分类。TNBC与乳腺干细胞标志物如CD44+/CD24-以及高水平的醛脱氢酶（ALDH）有关，这些标志物已被证明具有参与分化、血管侵袭、肿瘤发生和转移潜能的干细胞特征。CD44+/CD24-和高水平的ALDH作为TNBC预后不良的标志物和指标具有重要意义。本综述中使用的数据库是PMC、PubMed和谷歌学术。
