Solovchenko Alexei, Lukyanov Alexandr, Vasilieva Svetlana, Lobakova Elena
Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
Institute of Natural Sciences, Derzhavin Tambov State University, Tambov, Russia.
Biophys Rev. 2022 Apr 6;14(4):973-983. doi: 10.1007/s12551-022-00951-9. eCollection 2022 Aug.
Variable fluorescence of chlorophyll (CF) of the photosynthetic apparatus is an ample source of valuable information on physiological condition of photosynthetic organisms. Currently, the most widespread CF-based technique is represented by recording pulse-amplitude modulated (PAM) induction of CF by saturating light. The CF-based monitoring techniques are increasingly employed for characterization of performance and stress resilience of microalgae in microalgal biotechnology. Analysis of CF induction curves reveals the fate of light energy absorbed by photosynthetic apparatus, the proportions of the energy that have been utilized for photochemistry (culture growth), and heat dissipated by photoprotective mechanisms. Hence CF and its derived parameters are an accurate proxy of the metabolic activity of the photosynthetic cell and the engagement of photoprotective mechanisms. This information is a solid foundation for making decisions on the microalgal culture management during the lab-scale and industrial-scale cultivation. Applications of CF and PAM include the monitoring of stressor (high light, nutrient deprivation, extreme temperatures, etc.) effects for assessment of the culture robustness. It also serves as a non-invasive express test for gauging the effect of assorted toxicants in microalgae. This approach is becoming widespread in ecological toxicology and environmental biotechnology, particularly for bioprospecting strains capable of the destruction of dangerous pollutants such as pharmaceuticals. In the review, we discuss the advantages and drawbacks of using CF-based methods for assessment of the culture conditions. Special attention is paid to the potential caveats and applicability of different variations of CF and PAM measurements for solving problems of microalgal biotechnology.
光合机构中叶绿素的可变荧光（CF）是有关光合生物生理状况的宝贵信息的丰富来源。目前，最广泛使用的基于CF的技术是以记录饱和光对CF的脉冲幅度调制（PAM）诱导为代表。基于CF的监测技术越来越多地用于微藻生物技术中微藻性能和抗逆性的表征。CF诱导曲线分析揭示了光合机构吸收的光能的去向、用于光化学（培养生长）的能量比例以及光保护机制耗散的热量。因此，CF及其衍生参数是光合细胞代谢活性和光保护机制参与程度的准确指标。这些信息是在实验室规模和工业规模培养过程中对微藻培养管理做出决策的坚实基础。CF和PAM的应用包括监测应激源（高光、营养剥夺、极端温度等）的影响以评估培养物的稳健性。它还用作一种非侵入性快速检测方法，用于测量各种毒物对微藻的影响。这种方法在生态毒理学和环境生物技术中越来越普遍，特别是用于生物勘探能够破坏药物等危险污染物的菌株。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了使用基于CF的方法评估培养条件的优缺点。特别关注CF和PAM测量的不同变体在解决微藻生物技术问题方面的潜在注意事项和适用性。
