Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genotoxicology, University of Sarajevo, Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Section for Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Genetic Association in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Mutagenesis. 2023 Feb 3;38(1):33-42. doi: 10.1093/mutage/geac016.
Air pollution, recognized as a human carcinogen, is a significant cause of death in industrial and developing countries, and Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) is one of the leading countries for air pollution-caused death rate and has the poorest urban air quality in Europe. Despite a population decrease, urban air pollution in B&H has increased due to traffic pollution and still intensive use of solid fuel for heating and cooking. Human biomonitoring studies, regarding the described air pollution, have not been conducted before, and particularly have not been conducted in the region of Sarajevo. Good health, well-being, and environmental protection are part of the 17 defined Sustainable Development Global Goals. Accordingly, this study aimed to determine baseline levels of DNA damage in a group of Sarajevo citizens and to compare seasonal variations in DNA damage in relation to the reported levels of air pollution. From 33 individuals included in the study, samples were collected in the summer and winter seasons. The buccal micronucleus cytome (BMCyt) assay and comet assay in leucocytes isolated from saliva were performed. Mean values and standard deviations of log-transformed tail intensity (%), tail length (µm), and tail moment results in winter were 1.14 ± 0.23, 2.20 ± 0.14, and 1.03 ± 0.29, respectively, while in the summer season those values were 1.19 ± 0.19, 2.25 ± 0.17, and 1.07 ± 0.25, respectively. No significant differences were found for the comet assay parameters. Nevertheless, BMCyt results showed significant increases in micronuclei (P = .008), binuclear cells (P = .04), karyolysis (P = .0003), condensed chromatin (P = .03), and pyknosis (P = .002) in winter. Although the results of comet and BMCyt assays are not in accordance, this study contributes to the human air pollution biomonitoring in Sarajevo, B&H, and based on the genotoxic effects of air pollution evidenced by the BMCyt biomarker further studies of this kind are necessary.
空气污染被认为是一种人类致癌物，是工业国家和发展中国家的主要死亡原因之一，波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那（波黑）是空气污染导致死亡率最高的国家之一，也是欧洲城市空气质量最差的国家。尽管人口有所减少，但由于交通污染以及仍在大量使用固体燃料取暖和烹饪，波黑的城市空气污染有所增加。关于所述空气污染，以前没有进行过人体生物监测研究，特别是在萨拉热窝地区没有进行过此类研究。良好的健康、福祉和环境保护是 17 个定义明确的可持续发展全球目标的一部分。因此，本研究旨在确定萨拉热窝市民群体中 DNA 损伤的基线水平，并比较与报告的空气污染水平相关的 DNA 损伤的季节性变化。从纳入研究的 33 人中采集了夏季和冬季的样本。对从唾液中分离出的白细胞进行口腔微核细胞（BMCyt）测定和彗星试验。冬季时，对数转换尾强度（%）、尾长（µm）和尾矩结果的平均值和标准差分别为 1.14±0.23、2.20±0.14 和 1.03±0.29，而在夏季时，这些值分别为 1.19±0.19、2.25±0.17 和 1.07±0.25。彗星试验参数无显著差异。然而，BMCyt 结果显示冬季微核（P=0.008）、双核细胞（P=0.04）、核溶解（P=0.0003）、浓缩染色质（P=0.03）和固缩（P=0.002）显著增加。尽管彗星试验和 BMCyt 试验的结果不一致，但本研究有助于开展波黑萨拉热窝地区的人体空气污染生物监测，并且基于 BMCyt 生物标志物证实了空气污染的遗传毒性作用，有必要进一步开展此类研究。
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