Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS-ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
Mutagenesis. 2023 Feb 3;38(1):43-50. doi: 10.1093/mutage/geac022.
Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) is among the European countries with the highest rate of air pollution-related death cases and the poorest air quality. The main causes are solid fuel consumption, traffic, and the poorly developed or implemented air pollution reduction policies. In addition, the city of Sarajevo, the capital of B&H, suffers temperature inversion episodes in autumn/winter months, which sustain air pollution. Human biomonitoring studies may be confounded by the lifestyle of subjects or possible metabolic alterations. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate Ligustrum vulgare L. as a model for air pollution monitoring by measuring DNA damage at one rural and two urban sites. DNA damage was measured as tail intensity (TI) in L. vulgare leaves, considering seasonal, sampling period, leaf position and staging, and spatial (urban versus rural) variation. Effects of COVID-19 lockdown on TI were assessed by periodical monitoring at one of the selected sites, while in-house grown L. vulgare plants were used to test differences between outdoor and indoor air pollution effects for the same sampling period. Significantly higher TI was generally observed in leaves collected in Campus in December 2020 and 2021 compared with March (P < 0.0001). Outer and adult leaves showed higher TI values, except for the rural site where no differences for these categories were found. Leaves collected in the proximity of the intensive traffic showed significantly higher TI values (P < 0.001), regardless of the sampling period and the stage of growth. In regards to the COVID-19 lockdown, higher TI (P < 0.001) was registered in December 2020, after the lockdown period, than in periods before COVID-19 outbreak or immediately after the lockdown in 2020. This also reflects mild air pollution conditions in summer. TI values for the in-house grown leaves were significantly lower compared to those in situ. Results showed that L. vulgare may present a consistent model for the air pollution biomonitoring but further studies are needed to establish the best association between L. vulgare physiology, air quality data, and air pollution effects.
波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那（波黑）是欧洲空气污染相关死亡病例发生率最高和空气质量最差的国家之一。主要原因是固体燃料消耗、交通以及空气污染减排政策制定和执行不力。此外，波黑首都萨拉热窝在秋冬季节会出现逆温现象，这也加剧了空气污染。人体生物监测研究可能会受到研究对象生活方式或可能发生的代谢改变的干扰。因此，本研究旨在评估女贞（Ligustrum vulgare L.）作为空气污染监测的模型，通过测量一个农村和两个城市地区女贞叶片中的 DNA 损伤来实现。DNA 损伤通过女贞叶片的尾部强度（TI）进行测量，考虑了季节性、采样期、叶片位置和发育阶段以及空间（城市与农村）变化。通过在选定地点之一定期监测来评估 COVID-19 封锁对 TI 的影响，同时还使用室内种植的女贞植物来测试同一采样期户外和室内空气污染影响之间的差异。2020 年 12 月和 2021 年 12 月在 Campus 采集的叶片中，TI 普遍高于 3 月（P<0.0001）。除了农村地区外，成年叶和老叶的 TI 值较高，而在农村地区则没有发现这两类叶片之间存在差异。靠近交通密集区采集的叶片 TI 值明显较高（P<0.001），无论采样期和生长阶段如何。关于 COVID-19 封锁，2020 年 12 月封锁后，TI 值（P<0.001）高于 COVID-19 爆发前或 2020 年封锁后立即的时期。这也反映了夏季空气质量较温和。室内种植的叶片的 TI 值明显低于原位叶片。结果表明，女贞（Ligustrum vulgare L.）可能是一种用于空气污染生物监测的一致模型，但需要进一步研究来建立女贞（Ligustrum vulgare L.）生理学、空气质量数据和空气污染影响之间的最佳关联。
