Cuartero Sergi, Stik Grégoire, Stadhouders Ralph
Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Spain.
Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.
Nat Rev Immunol. 2023 Apr;23(4):206-221. doi: 10.1038/s41577-022-00774-5. Epub 2022 Sep 20.
Immune cell development and activation demand the precise and coordinated control of transcriptional programmes. Three-dimensional (3D) organization of the genome has emerged as an important regulator of chromatin state, transcriptional activity and cell identity by facilitating or impeding long-range genomic interactions among regulatory elements and genes. Chromatin folding thus enables cell type-specific and stimulus-specific transcriptional responses to extracellular signals, which are essential for the control of immune cell fate, for inflammatory responses and for generating a diverse repertoire of antigen receptor specificities. Here, we review recent findings connecting 3D genome organization to the control of immune cell differentiation and function, and discuss how alterations in genome folding may lead to immune dysfunction and malignancy.
免疫细胞的发育和激活需要对转录程序进行精确且协调的控制。基因组的三维（3D）组织已成为染色质状态、转录活性和细胞特性的重要调节因子，它通过促进或阻碍调控元件与基因之间的远程基因组相互作用来实现这一点。因此，染色质折叠能够使细胞对细胞外信号产生特定细胞类型和特定刺激的转录反应，这对于控制免疫细胞命运、炎症反应以及产生多样化的抗原受体特异性至关重要。在这里，我们综述了将3D基因组组织与免疫细胞分化和功能控制联系起来的最新研究发现，并讨论基因组折叠的改变如何可能导致免疫功能障碍和恶性肿瘤。
