Nishisaka Morgan M, Zorn Sebastian P, Kristo Aleksandra S, Sikalidis Angelos K, Reaves Scott K
Nutrition Program, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA.
Director of Football Sports Nutrition, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Sports (Basel). 2022 Aug 24;10(9):127. doi: 10.3390/sports10090127.
The success of performance in basketball relies on both optimal body composition and nutrient intake. The purpose of this study was to examine seasonal changes in body composition (BC), resting metabolic rate (RMR) and respiratory quotient (RQ), as well as dietary intake of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I (DI) male basketball players. BC, RMR and RQ were assessed during pre-season, in-season, and post-season (September, December, and March) while dietary assessment data were collected in September and February. Results of this study indicated that players received inadequate energy (p < 0.0001), protein (p < 0.001) and carbohydrate (p < 0.0001) relative to the recommendations for exercising individuals during the September baseline period. However, following diet analysis and consultations and relative to recommendations, athletes received adequate amounts of energy and protein during follow-up, yet intakes of carbohydrate (p = 0.0025) were still significantly different than recommended. Results also indicated that there was a decrease in percent body fat (%BF) during season, an increase in lean body mass (LBM) from pre- to post-season, a peak in RMR during season and an increase in RQ post-season. These findings reveal that significant metabolic and body composition changes occur in players over the season and suggest that nutritional strategies employed concomitantly may be beneficial.
篮球运动表现的成功既依赖于最佳身体成分，也依赖于营养摄入。本研究的目的是调查美国大学体育总会（NCAA）第一分区（DI）男子篮球运动员的身体成分（BC）、静息代谢率（RMR）和呼吸商（RQ）的季节性变化，以及饮食摄入情况。在季前赛、赛季中和赛季后（9月、12月和3月）评估BC、RMR和RQ，同时在9月和2月收集饮食评估数据。本研究结果表明，在9月基线期，相对于对运动个体的建议，运动员摄入的能量（p < 0.0001）、蛋白质（p < 0.001）和碳水化合物（p < 0.0001）不足。然而，经过饮食分析和咨询并相对于建议而言，运动员在随访期间摄入了足够量的能量和蛋白质，但碳水化合物的摄入量（p = 0.0025）仍显著不同于建议量。结果还表明，赛季期间体脂百分比（%BF）下降，从季前到季后瘦体重（LBM）增加，赛季期间RMR达到峰值，赛季后RQ增加。这些发现揭示了运动员在整个赛季中发生了显著的代谢和身体成分变化，并表明同时采用的营养策略可能有益。
