Fields Jennifer B, Merrigan Justin J, White Jason B, Jones Margaret T
Frank Pettrone Center for Sports Performance, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
Division of Health and Human Performance, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
Sports (Basel). 2018 Aug 22;6(3):85. doi: 10.3390/sports6030085.
The purpose of this study was to assess the body composition of male and female basketball athletes ( = 323) across season, year, and sport-position using air displacement plethysmography. An independent sample -test assessed sport-position differences. An analysis of variance was used to assess within-subjects across season (pre-season, in-season, and off-season), and academic year (freshman, sophomore, and junior). For both men and women basketball (MBB, WBB) athletes, guards had the lowest body fat, fat mass, fat free mass, and body mass. No seasonal differences were observed in MBB, but following in-season play for WBB, a reduction of ( = 0.03) in fat free mass (FFM) was observed. Across years, MBB showed an increase in FFM from freshman to sophomore year, yet remained unchanged through junior year. For WBB across years, no differences occurred for body mass (BM), body fat (BF%), and fat mass (FM), yet FFM increased from sophomore to junior year ( = 0.009). Sport-position differences exist in MBB and WBB: Guards were found to be smaller and leaner than forwards. Due to the importance of body composition (BC) on athletic performance, along with seasonal and longitudinal shifts in BC, strength and conditioning practitioners should periodically assess athletes BC to ensure preservation of FFM. Training and nutrition programming can then be adjusted in response to changes in BC.
本研究的目的是使用空气置换体积描记法评估男女篮球运动员（n = 323）在赛季、年份和运动位置方面的身体成分。独立样本t检验评估运动位置差异。方差分析用于评估受试者在赛季（季前赛、赛季中、休赛期）和学年（大一、大二、大三）内的情况。对于男女篮球（男子篮球、女子篮球）运动员，后卫的体脂、脂肪量、去脂体重和体重最低。男子篮球未观察到季节差异，但女子篮球在赛季中比赛后，观察到去脂体重（FFM）减少了（p = 0.03）。多年间，男子篮球从大一开始到大二去脂体重增加，到大三保持不变。对于女子篮球多年间，体重（BM）、体脂（BF%）和脂肪量（FM）没有差异，但去脂体重从大二到大三增加（p = 0.009）。男子篮球和女子篮球存在运动位置差异：发现后卫比前锋体型更小、更瘦。由于身体成分（BC）对运动表现的重要性，以及身体成分的季节性和纵向变化，体能教练应定期评估运动员的身体成分，以确保去脂体重的维持。然后可以根据身体成分的变化调整训练和营养计划。
