Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Vet Med Sci. 2022 Nov;8(6):2466-2481. doi: 10.1002/vms3.951. Epub 2022 Sep 22.
Investigating the global epidemiological patterns of Trichinella in pigs is required for accurate recognition and to establishing proper control programmes and preventive measures, as well as to decrease human exposure.
To obtain a better understanding of the global prevalence of Trichinella in domestic pigs and factors that might influence the prevalence, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed.
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Multiple databases were used to identify literature published between January 2000 and December 2021, representing studies from 1985 to 2021, on Trichinella prevalence in domestic pigs. Prevalence was calculated on a global and country level, by country Human Development Index (HDI), climate, pig management system, and diagnostic test.
The global pooled prevalence based on 60 manuscripts representing 32 countries and 65 pig populations was 2.02% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88-3.62) and the estimated pooled prevalence in different continents ranged from 0.00% to 11.8%. Trichinella was highest in low HDI countries (21.6%; 95% CI: 4.3-47.2), tropical wet climates (20.9%; 95% CI: 10.3-34.1), and non-intensive pig farming systems (6.1%; 95% CI: 1.0-15.5).
While there were regional differences in Trichinella prevalence in domestic pigs, these were likely driven by country HDI and pig farming systems versus climatic factors. Increased biosecurity in outdoor pig production systems, focused meat inspections and promoting awareness could potentially decrease risk of infection.
调查猪体内旋毛虫的全球流行病学模式对于准确识别和建立适当的控制计划和预防措施，以及减少人类接触至关重要。
为了更好地了解猪体内旋毛虫的全球流行情况，以及可能影响流行率的因素，我们进行了系统评价和荟萃分析。
我们遵循了系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目指南。使用多个数据库来确定 2000 年 1 月至 2021 年 12 月期间发表的文献，这些文献代表了 1985 年至 2021 年期间关于猪体内旋毛虫流行率的研究。在全球和国家层面，根据国家人类发展指数（HDI）、气候、猪管理系统和诊断检测，计算了流行率。
基于代表 32 个国家和 65 个猪群的 60 篇文献的全球汇总患病率为 2.02%（95%置信区间：0.88-3.62），不同大陆的估计汇总患病率范围为 0.00%-11.8%。在低人类发展指数国家（21.6%；95%置信区间：4.3-47.2）、热带湿润气候（20.9%；95%置信区间：10.3-34.1）和非集约化养猪系统（6.1%；95%置信区间：1.0-15.5）中，旋毛虫的患病率最高。
尽管猪体内旋毛虫的流行率在各地区存在差异，但这些差异可能是由国家人类发展指数和养猪系统而非气候因素驱动的。在户外养猪生产系统中加强生物安全措施、有针对性的肉类检查和提高意识，可能会降低感染风险。
