Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Gender Institute, 3571, Gars am Kamp, Austria.
Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2023 Jul;135(13-14):336-342. doi: 10.1007/s00508-022-02080-5. Epub 2022 Sep 22.
The incidence and the comorbidities, such as infectious diseases (e.g. pneumonia or influenza) of diabetes mellitus are increasing. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate immunization status and preventive care in diabetes mellitus patients.
Two groups from the Austrian health interview survey 2014 were identified, a cohort of diabetes mellitus (DM) individuals (n = 678) and a non-diabetes mellitus (non-DM) cohort (n = 15,093). The frequencies of doctors' visits, preventive care and immunization status were compared. Furthermore, the study population was divided by age (> 50 years, < 50 years) and differences between > 50 years old DM with < 50 years old DM and the > 50 years old DM and > 50 years old Non-DM cohort were investigated.
In the DM cohort a higher frequency of influenza immunization (13.3% vs. 7.1%, p < 0.001), doctor visits (89.4% vs. 75.4%, p < 0.001), and preventive care, such as colonoscopy (11.2% vs. 6.8%, p < 0.001) and hemoccult tests (32.6% vs. 22.1%, p < 0.001) was observed. Even though older DM individuals have a higher risk for complications, the > 50 years DM cohort has similar frequencies of colonoscopy, hemoccult test and immunization against influenza and TBE (tick-borne encephalitis) compared to > 50 years Non-DM. Although the > 50 years old DM cohort had a higher frequency of doctors' visits, they still had lower frequencies of mammography and dentists' visits compared to > 50 years old Non-DM. In comparison to the < 50 years old DM cohort, the > 50 years DM cohort was related to lower intact immunization status of tetanus, diphtheria, Polio and TBE. Still a higher frequency of intact immunization of pneumococcus, influenza and doctors' visits in the > 50 years old DM cohort compared to the < 50 years old DM cohort can be reported.
Preventive care and immunization status in the DM cohort just differ slightly from the general cohort but still should be improved.
糖尿病患者的发病率和合并症（如传染病[例如肺炎或流感]）正在增加。因此，本研究的目的是调查糖尿病患者的免疫状况和预防保健情况。
从奥地利健康访谈调查 2014 年中确定了两组，一组是糖尿病（DM）个体队列（n=678），另一组是非糖尿病（非 DM）队列（n=15093）。比较了就诊次数、预防保健和免疫状况。此外，还按年龄（>50 岁、<50 岁）将研究人群进行了划分，并调查了>50 岁 DM 与<50 岁 DM 和>50 岁 DM 与>50 岁非 DM 队列之间的差异。
在 DM 队列中，流感免疫接种（13.3%比 7.1%，p<0.001）、就诊次数（89.4%比 75.4%，p<0.001）以及预防保健（如结肠镜检查（11.2%比 6.8%，p<0.001）和大便隐血试验（32.6%比 22.1%，p<0.001）的频率更高。尽管年龄较大的 DM 患者发生并发症的风险更高，但与>50 岁非 DM 患者相比，>50 岁 DM 队列接受流感和 TBE（蜱传脑炎）疫苗接种、结肠镜检查、大便隐血试验的频率相似。尽管>50 岁 DM 队列就诊次数较高，但与>50 岁非 DM 患者相比，他们接受乳房 X 光检查和牙医就诊的频率仍然较低。与<50 岁 DM 队列相比，>50 岁 DM 队列的破伤风、白喉、脊髓灰质炎和 TBE 完整免疫率较低。尽管如此，与<50 岁 DM 队列相比，>50 岁 DM 队列的肺炎球菌、流感和就诊的完整免疫率仍较高。
DM 队列的预防保健和免疫状况与一般队列略有不同，但仍需改进。
