Centre for Bio-separation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
Mol Biol Rep. 2022 Dec;49(12):12239-12246. doi: 10.1007/s11033-022-07854-8. Epub 2022 Sep 22.
Carbohydrate-lectin interactions are extremely specific as the lectin is capable of recognising monomeric and oligomeric sugars in a reversible manner. It has been known for a long time that lectins have antibacterial, antifungal, and insecticidal activities. Recently, it has been reported that many lectins can prevent the virus growth by interacting with the viral envelop surface glycoprotein. Spike protein, which is found on the surface of some enveloped viruses, is heavily mannosylated and will have strong affinity for mannose specific lectins. According to the findings, lectins have a high binding affinity for the glycans of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, which contains N-glycosylation sites. As a result, various lectins are being researched and developed as anti-viral agents.
According to our in silico studies, the amino acid residues Asn487, Tyr489, Gln493, Lys417, and Tyr505 of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 formed an interaction with the model lectin Lablab purpureus lectin. Similar interaction for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was observed with Griffithsin lectin (algal source) as well. These observations demonstrate that lectins could be one of the potential molecules for neutralising coronavirus infection.
This review focuses on anti-viral lectins isolated and characterized from plants and algae (last 5 years) and showed anti-viral properties against HIV, Influenza, and coronaviruses.
糖-凝集素相互作用非常特异，因为凝集素能够以可逆的方式识别单体和寡糖。长期以来，人们一直知道凝集素有抗菌、抗真菌和杀虫活性。最近，据报道，许多凝集素可以通过与病毒包膜表面糖蛋白相互作用来阻止病毒生长。刺突蛋白存在于一些包膜病毒的表面，高度甘露糖化，与甘露糖特异性凝集素有很强的亲和力。根据这些发现，凝集素与 SARS-CoV-2 刺突糖蛋白的聚糖具有很高的结合亲和力，SARS-CoV-2 刺突糖蛋白含有 N-糖基化位点。因此，各种凝集素作为抗病毒剂正在被研究和开发。
根据我们的计算机研究，SARS-CoV-2 受体结合域（RBD）的氨基酸残基 Asn487、Tyr489、Gln493、Lys417 和 Tyr505 与模式凝集素 Lablab purpureus lectin 相互作用。我们还观察到 SARS-CoV-2 刺突蛋白与 Griffithsin 凝集素（藻类来源）也有类似的相互作用。这些观察表明，凝集素可能是中和冠状病毒感染的潜在分子之一。
本综述重点介绍了过去 5 年来从植物和藻类中分离和鉴定的具有抗病毒活性的凝集素，并显示出对 HIV、流感病毒和冠状病毒的抗病毒特性。
