Štofilová Jana, Kvaková Monika, Kamlárová Anna, Hijová Emília, Bertková Izabela, Guľašová Zuzana
Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research MEDIPARK, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia.
Biomedicines. 2022 Sep 9;10(9):2236. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10092236.
Although there are number of available therapies for ulcerative colitis (UC), many patients are unresponsive to these treatments or experience secondary failure during treatment. Thus, the development of new therapies or alternative strategies with minimal side effects is inevitable. Strategies targeting dysbiosis of gut microbiota have been tested in the management of UC due to the unquestionable role of gut microbiota in the etiology of UC. Advanced molecular analyses of gut microbiomes revealed evident dysbiosis in UC patients, characterized by a reduced biodiversity of commensal microbiota. Administration of conventional probiotic strains is a commonly applied approach in the management of the disease to modify the gut microbiome, improve intestinal barrier integrity and function, and maintain a balanced immune response. However, conventional probiotics do not always provide the expected health benefits to a patient. Their benefits vary significantly, depending on the type and stage of the disease and the strain and dose of the probiotics administered. Their mechanism of action is also strain-dependent. Recently, new candidates for potential next-generation probiotics have been discovered. This could bring to light new approaches in the restoration of microbiome homeostasis and in UC treatment in a targeted manner. The aim of this paper is to provide an updated review on the current options of probiotic-based therapies, highlight the effective conventional probiotic strains, and outline the future possibilities of next-generation probiotic and postbiotic supplementation and fecal microbiota transplantation in the management of UC.
尽管有多种治疗溃疡性结肠炎（UC）的方法，但许多患者对这些治疗无反应或在治疗期间出现继发性失败。因此，开发副作用最小的新疗法或替代策略是不可避免的。由于肠道微生物群在UC病因中具有毋庸置疑的作用，针对肠道微生物群失调的策略已在UC管理中进行了测试。对肠道微生物群的高级分子分析显示，UC患者存在明显的失调，其特征是共生微生物群的生物多样性降低。施用传统益生菌菌株是治疗该疾病的常用方法，以改变肠道微生物群、改善肠道屏障完整性和功能，并维持平衡的免疫反应。然而，传统益生菌并不总是能为患者带来预期的健康益处。它们的益处差异很大，取决于疾病的类型和阶段以及所施用益生菌的菌株和剂量。它们的作用机制也因菌株而异。最近，已发现了潜在的下一代益生菌新候选菌株。这可能会揭示以有针对性的方式恢复微生物群稳态和治疗UC的新方法。本文的目的是提供关于当前基于益生菌疗法选择的最新综述，突出有效的传统益生菌菌株，并概述下一代益生菌和后生元补充剂以及粪便微生物群移植在UC管理中的未来可能性。
