Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610064, China.
Genes (Basel). 2022 Sep 12;13(9):1634. doi: 10.3390/genes13091634.
The vast majority (approximately 90%) of Lepidoptera species belong to moths whose phylogeny has been widely discussed and highly controversial. For the further understanding of phylogenetic relationships of moths, nineteen nearly complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of moths involved in six major lineages were sequenced and characterized. These mitogenomes ranged from 15,177 bp () to 15,749 bp () in length, comprising of the core 37 mitochondrial genes (13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) + 22 tRNAs + two rRNAs) and an incomplete control region. The order and orientation of genes showed the same pattern and the gene order of showed a typical rearrangement of Lepidoptera compared with the ancestral order of . Among these 13 PCGs, exhibited the fastest evolutionary rate, and Drepanidae showed the highest average evolutionary rate among six families involved in 66 species. The phylogenetic analyses based on the dataset of 13 PCGs suggested the relationship of (Notodontidae + (Noctuidae + Erebidae)) + (Geometridae + (Sphingidae + Drepanidae)), which suggested a slightly different pattern from previous studies. Most groups were well defined in the subfamily level except Erebidae, which was not fully consistent across bayesian and maximum likelihood methods. Several formerly unassigned tribes of Geometridae were suggested based on mitogenome sequences despite a not very strong support in partial nodes. The study of mitogenomes of these moths can provide fundamental information of mitogenome architecture, and the phylogenetic position of moths, and contributes to further phylogeographical studies and the biological control of pests.
绝大多数（约 90%）鳞翅目物种属于蛾类，其系统发育已被广泛讨论且极具争议性。为了进一步了解蛾类的系统发育关系，本研究对涉及六个主要支系的 19 种蛾类的近完整线粒体基因组（mitogenome）进行了测序和特征分析。这些 mitogenomes 的长度从 15177 bp（）到 15749 bp（）不等，包含核心的 37 个线粒体基因（13 个蛋白质编码基因（PCGs）+22 个 tRNA+两个 rRNA）和一个不完整的控制区。基因的排列和方向表现出相同的模式，而基因排列与祖先顺序相比，显示出了典型的鳞翅目重排。在这 13 个 PCGs 中，表现出最快的进化率，而在涉及 66 种物种的 6 个科中，天蛾科显示出最高的平均进化率。基于 13 个 PCGs 数据集的系统发育分析表明，（Notodontidae+（Noctuidae+Erebidae））+（Geometridae+（Sphingidae+Drepanidae））的关系，这与以前的研究略有不同。大多数支系在亚科水平上定义明确，除了天蛾科，在贝叶斯和最大似然法中并不完全一致。尽管在部分节点上支持力度不强，但基于 mitogenome 序列提出了一些以前未分配的天蛾科部落。这些蛾类的 mitogenome 研究可以提供 mitogenome 结构、蛾类系统发育位置的基本信息，并有助于进一步的系统地理学研究和害虫的生物防治。
