Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Acton 55, 80133 Napoli, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Sep 7;23(18):10284. doi: 10.3390/ijms231810284.
Melanoma is considered a multifactorial disease etiologically divided into melanomas related to sun exposure and those that are not, but also based on their mutational signatures, anatomic site, and epidemiology. The incidence of melanoma skin cancer has been increasing over the past decades with 132,000 cases occurring globally each year. Marine organisms have been shown to be an excellent source of natural compounds with possible bioactivities for human health applications. In this review, we report marine compounds from micro- and macro-organisms with activities in vitro and in vivo against melanoma, including the compound Marizomib, isolated from a marine bacterium, currently in phase III clinical trials for melanoma. When available, we also report active concentrations, cellular targets and mechanisms of action of the mentioned molecules. In addition, compounds used for UV protection and melanoma prevention from marine sources are discussed. This paper gives an overview of promising marine molecules which can be studied more deeply before clinical trials in the near future.
黑色素瘤被认为是一种多因素疾病，从病因上可分为与阳光暴露有关的黑色素瘤和非阳光暴露有关的黑色素瘤，但也可基于其突变特征、解剖部位和流行病学进行分类。过去几十年来，黑色素瘤皮肤癌的发病率一直在上升，每年在全球有 13.2 万例病例。海洋生物已被证明是具有可能对人类健康应用具有生物活性的天然化合物的极好来源。在这篇综述中，我们报告了来自微生物和大型生物的海洋化合物，这些化合物具有针对黑色素瘤的体外和体内活性，包括从海洋细菌中分离出来的 Marizomib，目前正在进行黑色素瘤的 III 期临床试验。只要有可用的信息，我们还报告了所述分子的活性浓度、细胞靶标和作用机制。此外，还讨论了来自海洋来源的用于紫外线防护和预防黑色素瘤的化合物。本文概述了有前途的海洋分子，在不久的将来进行临床试验之前，可以对这些分子进行更深入的研究。
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