Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Sep 7;23(18):10286. doi: 10.3390/ijms231810286.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of long-term neurological disabilities in the world. TBI is a signature disease for soldiers and veterans, but also affects civilians, including adults and children. Following TBI, the brain resident and immune cells turn into a "reactive" state, characterized by the production of inflammatory mediators that contribute to the development of cognitive deficits. Other injuries to the brain, including radiation exposure, may trigger TBI-like pathology, characterized by inflammation. Currently there are no treatments to prevent or reverse the deleterious consequences of brain trauma. The recognition that TBI predisposes stem cell alterations suggests that stem cell-based therapies stand as a potential treatment for TBI. Here, we discuss the inflamed brain after TBI and radiation injury. We further review the status of stem cells in the inflamed brain and the applications of cell therapy in sequestering inflammation in TBI.
创伤性脑损伤（TBI）是全球导致长期神经功能障碍的主要原因之一。TBI 是士兵和退伍军人的标志性疾病，但也影响平民，包括成年人和儿童。TBI 后，大脑驻留细胞和免疫细胞转变为“反应性”状态，其特征是产生炎症介质，导致认知缺陷的发展。大脑的其他损伤，包括辐射暴露，也可能引发类似 TBI 的病理学，其特征是炎症。目前尚无预防或逆转脑创伤不良后果的治疗方法。TBI 会导致干细胞改变的这一认识表明，基于干细胞的疗法有望成为 TBI 的一种潜在治疗方法。在这里，我们讨论 TBI 和辐射损伤后的炎症大脑。我们进一步回顾了炎症大脑中的干细胞状态，以及细胞疗法在 TBI 中隔离炎症的应用。
