Graves Stephen R, Islam Aminul, Webb Lawrence D, Marsh Ian, Plain Karren, Westman Mark, Conlan Xavier A, Carbis Rodney, Toman Rudolf, Stenos John
Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory, University Hospital, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW 2567, Australia.
Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Aug 25;10(9):1393. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10091393.
Q fever is caused by the bacterium and is spread to humans from infected animals especially goats, sheep and cattle, predominantly when giving birth. There is an effective human vaccine (Q-VAX) against Q fever, and although Q fever is a worldwide problem, the vaccine is only used in Australia due to difficulties associated with its use and the risk of adverse reactions. The desire to protect humans, particularly farmers and abattoir workers, from Q fever prompted the development of a new safe and effective human vaccine without all the difficulties associated with the current vaccine. Candidate vaccines were prepared using purified O-specific polysaccharide (OSP) extracted from the lipopolysaccharide of virulent (phase 1) , strain Nine Mile, which was then conjugated to a tetanus toxoid (TT) carrier protein. Two vaccines were prepared using OSP from grown in embryonated eggs (vaccine A) and axenic media (vaccine B). Vaccines with or without alum adjuvant were used to vaccinate guinea pigs, which were later challenged by intranasal inoculation with virulent . Both vaccines protected guinea pigs from fever and loss of weight post challenge. Post-mortem samples of the spleen, liver and kidney of vaccinated guinea pigs contained substantially less DNA as measured by PCR than those of the unvaccinated control animals. This study demonstrated that a OSP-TT conjugate vaccine is capable of inducing protection against virulent in guinea pigs. Additionally, OSP derived from grown in axenic media compared to OSP from embryonated eggs is equivalent in terms of providing a protective immune response.
Q热由该细菌引起，主要在分娩时从受感染动物尤其是山羊、绵羊和牛传播给人类。有一种针对Q热的有效人类疫苗（Q-VAX），尽管Q热是一个全球性问题，但由于其使用困难和不良反应风险，该疫苗仅在澳大利亚使用。保护人类尤其是农民和屠宰场工人免受Q热侵害的愿望促使人们开发一种新的安全有效的人类疫苗，且不存在当前疫苗所带来的所有困难。候选疫苗是使用从强毒株（1相）Nine Mile的脂多糖中提取的纯化O特异性多糖（OSP）制备的，然后将其与破伤风类毒素（TT）载体蛋白偶联。使用从在鸡胚中生长的（疫苗A）和无细胞培养基中生长的（疫苗B）提取的OSP制备了两种疫苗。使用有或无明矾佐剂的疫苗对豚鼠进行接种，随后通过鼻内接种强毒株对其进行攻击。两种疫苗都能保护豚鼠在攻击后不发烧和体重减轻。通过PCR检测，接种疫苗的豚鼠脾脏、肝脏和肾脏的死后样本中含有的DNA比未接种疫苗的对照动物的样本少得多。这项研究表明，一种 OSP-TT偶联疫苗能够在豚鼠中诱导针对强毒株的保护作用。此外，与从鸡胚中提取的OSP相比，从无细胞培养基中生长的 提取的OSP在提供保护性免疫反应方面是等效的。
