Mirabito Grazia, Verhaeghen Paul
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2023 Mar 4;78(3):394-408. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbac143.
To examine the effect of mindfulness interventions on cognitive tasks in healthy older adults and older adults with diagnoses of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia.
Three-level meta-analysis and systematic review of 30 published randomized-controlled trials.
Mindfulness interventions provided a small, yet significant positive effect on cognition compared to a control group (average weighted Hedges' g = 0.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.06-0.65]). Attention (g = 0.22, 95% CI = [0.09, 0.35]), long-term memory (g = 0.32, 95% CI = [0.08, 0.56]), and visuospatial processing (g = 0.22, 95% CI = [0.10, 0.34]) all showed significantly meaningful changes regardless of cognitive status of the participants. There was no evidence for publication bias. Healthy older adults showed higher effect sizes than those with MCI (g = 0.27, 95% CI = [0.11, 0.43], vs. (g = -0.09, 95% CI = [-0.35, 0.17], respectively). Otherwise, there were no significant moderating effects of age, marital status, education, region, intervention type, length, number of sessions, adherence, or gender on effect size. Moderator analyses within cognitive domains suggest that focused attention practices might be the best for improving cognition. Lastly, meditation interventions seem to work as effectively as other mind-body interventions, but not as effectively as other interventions to improve cognitive functioning in older adults.
Mindfulness interventions appear to be a useful tool for improving cognitive functioning in older adults.
研究正念干预对健康老年人以及被诊断为轻度认知障碍（MCI）或痴呆症的老年人认知任务的影响。
对30项已发表的随机对照试验进行三级荟萃分析和系统评价。
与对照组相比，正念干预对认知有微小但显著的积极影响（平均加权赫奇斯g值 = 0.36，95%置信区间[CI][0.06 - 0.65]）。注意力（g值 = 0.22，95% CI = [0.09, 0.35]）、长期记忆（g值 = 0.32，95% CI = [0.08, 0.56]）和视觉空间处理能力（g值 = 0.22，95% CI = [0.10, 0.34]）均显示出显著有意义的变化，无论参与者的认知状态如何。没有证据表明存在发表偏倚。健康老年人的效应量高于患有MCI的老年人（分别为g值 = 0.27，95% CI = [0.11, 0.43]，与g值 = -0.09，95% CI = [-0.35, 0.17]）。此外，年龄、婚姻状况、教育程度、地区、干预类型、时长、疗程数、依从性或性别对效应量均无显著调节作用。认知领域内的调节分析表明，集中注意力练习可能最有利于改善认知。最后，冥想干预似乎与其他身心干预效果相当，但不如其他干预措施对改善老年人认知功能有效。
正念干预似乎是改善老年人认知功能的有用工具。
