Towers G H, Hudson J B
Photochem Photobiol. 1987 Jul;46(1):61-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1987.tb04736.x.
The wide range of naturally occurring compounds from microorganisms and plants which are phototoxic in UV-A light (320-400 nm) includes cinnamyl esters, coumarins and furanocoumarins, furanochromones, benzofurans, alkaloids, based on tryptophan or phenylalanine, extended naptho-and anthraquinones, polyacetylenes and their thiophene derivatives. The cellular targets are cell membranes, e.g., acetylenes, or the nucleus, e.g., furanocoumarins. Compounds reacting with cell membranes in light either generate singlet oxygen, e.g., alpha-terthienyl, or react by a free radical mechanism, e.g., phenylheptatriyne, or do both. Those that react with nucleic acids intercalate with these macromolecules forming photoadducts, e.g., furanocoumarins, furanochromones and furanoquinolines. With others, such as the beta-carbolines, the explanation for their photogenotoxicity is unknown. A number of these natural photosensitizers have been examined with bacteria, yeasts, and viruses and the mechanisms of phototoxicity have been elucidated. Some of the sulfur-containing acetylenes may be useful in photochemotherapy.
来自微生物和植物的多种天然存在的化合物在紫外-A光（320-400纳米）下具有光毒性，包括肉桂酸酯、香豆素和呋喃香豆素、呋喃色酮、苯并呋喃、基于色氨酸或苯丙氨酸的生物碱、扩展的萘醌和蒽醌、聚乙炔及其噻吩衍生物。细胞靶点是细胞膜，如乙炔类化合物作用的靶点，或细胞核，如呋喃香豆素作用的靶点。在光照下与细胞膜发生反应的化合物，要么产生单线态氧，如α-三联噻吩，要么通过自由基机制发生反应，如苯基庚三炔，或者两者兼而有之。那些与核酸发生反应的化合物会插入这些大分子中形成光加合物，如呋喃香豆素、呋喃色酮和呋喃喹啉。而对于其他一些化合物，如β-咔啉，其光遗传毒性的解释尚不清楚。已经对其中一些天然光敏剂进行了细菌、酵母和病毒方面的研究，并阐明了其光毒性机制。一些含硫乙炔类化合物可能在光化学疗法中有用。
