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[对辅助死亡“滑坡效应”的分析]

[An analysis of the "slippery slope" of assisted death].

作者信息

Guevara B Angela María, Taboada R Paulina

机构信息

Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

Centro de Bioética, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

出版信息

Rev Med Chil. 2022 Feb;150(2):248-255. doi: 10.4067/S0034-98872022000200248.

Abstract

The study analyzes the phenomenon of the "slippery slope" of assisted death in The Netherlands, Belgium, and Colombia after the depenalization or legalization of this practice. Data analysis was performed reviewing the evidence published in scientific journals and in the governments' official reports. We verified a progressive broadening of the limits initially established by the law for the practice of assisted death in these three countries. This confirms the occurrence of the "slippery slope". Also, the exponential increase in the number of assisted deaths in these three countries after the legalization indirectly suggests the presence of the "slippery slope". An analysis of the anthropological and ethical implications of assisted death highlights that its moral assessment should not be exclusively based on consequentialist arguments. Also, a prudential interpretation of the slippery slope argument in the legal debate about assisted death should be incorporated. We conclude that the moral evaluation of assisted death cannot be exclusively grounded on its negative social consequences, but rather on the lack of respect for basic human values such as life and the intrinsic dignity of a person. The verification of the "slippery slope" in these three countries should be regarded as an alarm for an eventual legalization of euthanasia in Chile.

摘要

该研究分析了在荷兰、比利时和哥伦比亚,协助死亡非刑罪化或合法化后出现的“滑坡”现象。数据分析通过查阅科学期刊和政府官方报告中发表的证据来进行。我们证实了这三个国家中,法律最初为协助死亡实践所设定的界限在逐步扩大。这证实了“滑坡”现象的发生。此外,这三个国家协助死亡合法化后,协助死亡数量呈指数增长,这也间接表明了“滑坡”现象的存在。对协助死亡的人类学和伦理影响进行分析后发现,其道德评估不应仅基于结果主义论点。而且,在关于协助死亡的法律辩论中,应纳入对滑坡论证的审慎解读。我们得出结论,协助死亡的道德评价不能仅基于其负面的社会后果,而应基于对生命和人的固有尊严等基本人类价值观缺乏尊重。这三个国家中“滑坡”现象的证实应被视为对智利最终将安乐死合法化的一个警示。

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