Burgess J A
University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
J Med Ethics. 1993 Sep;19(3):169-74. doi: 10.1136/jme.19.3.169.
Whenever some form of beneficent killing--for example, voluntary euthanasia--is advocated, the proposal is greeted with a flood of slippery-slope arguments warning of the dangers of a Nazi-style slide into genocide. This paper is an attempt systematically to evaluate arguments of this kind. Although there are slippery-slope arguments that are sound and convincing, typical formulations of the Nazi-invoking argument are found to be seriously deficient both in logical rigour and in the social history and psychology required as a scholarly underpinning. As an antidote, an attempt is made both to identify some of the likely causes of genocide and to isolate some of the more modest but legitimate fears that lie behind slippery-slope arguments of this kind.
每当有人主张某种形式的仁慈杀戮——比如自愿安乐死——时,该提议总会遭到大量滑坡论证的反对,这些论证警告人们存在着滑向纳粹式种族灭绝的危险。本文旨在系统地评估此类论证。尽管存在合理且有说服力的滑坡论证,但那种援引纳粹的论证的典型表述在逻辑严谨性以及作为学术支撑所需的社会历史和心理学方面都存在严重缺陷。作为一种补救措施,本文试图找出种族灭绝的一些可能成因,并梳理出这类滑坡论证背后一些较为适度但合理的担忧。