Sahu Srishti, Singh Bharat, Kumar Rai Ambak
Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211004, India.
Mol Clin Oncol. 2022 Aug 3;17(4):143. doi: 10.3892/mco.2022.2576. eCollection 2022 Oct.
The expression of genes is altered in various diseases and is responsible for the disease's initiation, progression and pathology. Several other genes, predominantly inactivated, may become activated in a given condition and contribute to the initiation and progression of the disease. Similarly, human endogenous viruses (HERVs) are an incomplete, non-productive and inactive viral sequence present in the heterochromatin of the human genome, and are often referred to as junk DNA. HERVs were inserted into the host genome millions of years ago. However, they were silenced due to multiple mutations and recombination that occurred over time. However, their expression is increased in cancers due to either epigenetic or transcriptional dysregulation. Some of the HERVs having intact open reading frames have been reported to express virus-like particles, functional peptides and proteins involved in tumorigenesis. To summarize, there is involvement of different HERVs in the initiation and progression of several cancers. The present review aims to provide concise information on HERV and its involvement in the initiation and progression of multiple types of cancer.
基因的表达在各种疾病中会发生改变，并且与疾病的起始、进展和病理过程有关。其他一些主要处于失活状态的基因，在特定条件下可能会被激活，并促进疾病的起始和进展。同样，人类内源性病毒（HERVs）是存在于人类基因组异染色质中的不完整、无生产性且无活性的病毒序列，常被称为垃圾DNA。HERVs在数百万年前插入到宿主基因组中。然而，由于随着时间推移发生的多次突变和重组，它们被沉默了。然而，由于表观遗传或转录失调，它们在癌症中的表达会增加。一些具有完整开放阅读框的HERVs已被报道可表达病毒样颗粒、参与肿瘤发生的功能性肽和蛋白质。总之，不同的HERVs参与了多种癌症的起始和进展。本综述旨在提供关于HERVs及其在多种癌症的起始和进展中所起作用的简明信息。
