Ferenc Thomas, Vujica Mateja, Mrzljak Anna, Vilibic-Cavlek Tatjana
Department of Radiology, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
Department of Emergency Medicine, Institute of Emergency Medicine of Krapina-Zagorje County, Krapina 49000, Croatia.
World J Clin Cases. 2022 Sep 6;10(25):8922-8931. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i25.8922.
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a neglected rodent-borne arenavirus associated with transplacental transmission and fetal infection.
To summarize the epidemiological, clinical, and diagnostic features of reported patients with congenital LCMV infection.
A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate. The keywords used were 'congenital lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus,' and 48 studies were included. In addition, we conducted a relevant search by Reference Citation Analysis (RCA) (https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com).
The results have shown 27 reports of congenital LCMV infection in 86 patients, with 52.73% of them being males. Patients presented with chorioretinitis (83.53%), hydrocephalus (54.12%), and psychomotor retardation or developmental delay (54.12%). Computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging most often demonstrated ventriculomegaly (74.07%), periventricular calcifications (66.67%), and microcephaly (40%). Most mothers of congenitally infected infants were exposed to rodents during pregnancy, predominantly mice, with flu-like symptoms mainly occurring during the first two trimesters of gestation. Mortality in congenitally infected children was 16.47%. The diagnosis of congenital LCMV infection was confirmed serologically in most patients (86.67%).
LCMV is still an insufficiently recognized fetal teratogen that often leads to long-term neurologic sequelae. Clinicians need to be familiar with LCMV and its potential teratogenic effect and as well as to effectively differentiate LCMV from other TORCH (T: , O: Other pathogens, R: Rubella virus, C: Cytomegalovirus, H: Herpes simplex virus) pathogens.
淋巴细胞性脉络丛脑膜炎病毒（LCMV）是一种被忽视的啮齿动物传播的沙粒病毒，与经胎盘传播和胎儿感染有关。
总结先天性LCMV感染报告病例的流行病学、临床和诊断特征。
在PubMed、Medline、谷歌学术和ResearchGate上进行文献检索。使用的关键词为“先天性淋巴细胞性脉络丛脑膜炎病毒”，共纳入48项研究。此外，我们通过参考文献引用分析（RCA）（https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com）进行了相关检索。
结果显示，86例患者中有27例先天性LCMV感染报告，其中52.73%为男性。患者表现为脉络膜视网膜炎（83.53%）、脑积水（54.12%）以及精神运动发育迟缓或发育延迟（54.12%）。计算机断层扫描和/或磁共振成像最常显示脑室扩大（74.07%）、脑室周围钙化（66.67%）和小头畸形（40%）。先天性感染婴儿的大多数母亲在孕期接触过啮齿动物，主要是小鼠，类似流感的症状主要发生在妊娠的前两个月。先天性感染儿童的死亡率为16.47%。大多数患者（86.67%）通过血清学确诊先天性LCMV感染。
LCMV仍然是一种未得到充分认识的胎儿致畸原，常导致长期神经后遗症。临床医生需要熟悉LCMV及其潜在致畸作用，并有效将LCMV与其他TORCH（T：弓形虫，O：其他病原体，R：风疹病毒，C：巨细胞病毒，H：单纯疱疹病毒）病原体区分开来。
