Luís Carla, Maduro Ana T, Pereira Paula, Mendes José João, Soares Raquel, Ramalho Renata
Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Front Nutr. 2022 Sep 8;9:958563. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.958563. eCollection 2022.
Aging is a natural physiological process, but one that poses major challenges in an increasingly aging society prone to greater health risks such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, frailty, increased susceptibility to infection, and reduced response to vaccine regimens. The loss of capacity for cell regeneration and the surrounding tissue microenvironment itself is conditioned by genetic, metabolic, and even environmental factors, such as nutrition. The senescence of the immune system (immunosenescence) represents a challenge, especially when associated with the presence of age-related chronic inflammation (inflammaging) and affecting the metabolic programming of immune cells (immunometabolism). These aspects are linked to poorer health outcomes and therefore present an opportunity for host-directed interventions aimed at both eliminating senescent cells and curbing the underlying inflammation. Senotherapeutics are a class of drugs and natural products that delay, prevent, or reverse the senescence process - senolytics; or inhibit senescence-associated secretory phenotype - senomorphics. Natural senotherapeutics from food sources - nutritional senotherapeutics - may constitute an interesting way to achieve better age-associated outcomes through personalized nutrition. In this sense, the authors present herein a framework of nutritional senotherapeutics as an intervention targeting immunosenescence and immunometabolism, identifying research gaps in this area, and gathering information on concluded and ongoing clinical trials on this subject. Also, we present future directions and ideation for future clinical possibilities in this field.
衰老虽是一个自然的生理过程，但在老龄化日益加剧的社会中却带来了重大挑战，这个社会更容易出现诸如糖尿病、心血管疾病、癌症、身体虚弱、感染易感性增加以及疫苗接种反应降低等更大的健康风险。细胞再生能力的丧失以及周围组织微环境本身受到遗传、代谢甚至环境因素（如营养）的制约。免疫系统的衰老（免疫衰老）是一项挑战，尤其是当它与年龄相关的慢性炎症（炎症衰老）同时存在并影响免疫细胞的代谢编程（免疫代谢）时。这些方面与较差的健康结果相关，因此为旨在清除衰老细胞和抑制潜在炎症的宿主定向干预提供了契机。衰老治疗药物是一类能够延缓、预防或逆转衰老过程的药物和天然产物——衰老细胞溶解剂；或者抑制衰老相关分泌表型——衰老细胞形态调节剂。来自食物来源的天然衰老治疗药物——营养性衰老治疗药物——可能是通过个性化营养实现更好的与年龄相关结果的一种有趣方式。从这个意义上讲，作者在此提出一个营养性衰老治疗药物的框架，作为针对免疫衰老和免疫代谢的干预措施，识别该领域的研究空白，并收集关于该主题已完成和正在进行的临床试验的信息。此外，我们还提出了该领域未来临床可能性的未来方向和构想。
