Zhang Shiyu, Li Xue, Chen Kun, Shi Junmei, Wang Yan, Luo Peiyu, Yang Jinfeng, Wang Yue, Han Xiaori
College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.
National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shenyang, China.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Sep 7;13:979759. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.979759. eCollection 2022.
Soil microorganisms play crucial roles in nutrient cycling and determining soil quality and fertility; thus, they are important for agricultural production. However, the impacts of long-term fertilization on soil microbial community remain ambiguous due to inconsistent results from different studies. The objective of this study was to characterize changes in bacterial and fungal diversity and community structures after 12 years of different fertilization in aeolian sandy soil by analyzing 16S rRNA and ITS rRNA gene sequences and the soil properties to discover the driving factors. Eight different fertilizer treatments have been set up since 2009: no fertilizer (CK), chemical N fertilizer (N), chemical N and P fertilizer (NP), chemical N, P and K fertilizer (NPK), pig manure only (M), pig manure plus chemical N fertilizer (MN), pig manure plus chemical N and P fertilizer (MNP), pig manure plus chemical N, P, and K fertilizer (MNPK). The results indicated that the long-term application of chemical fertilizer reduced soil pH, whereas the addition of pig manure alleviated a decrease in soil pH value. Chemical fertilizer plus pig manure significantly improved soil available nutrients and soil organic carbon. Long-term MNPK fertilization resulted in changes in bacterial diversity due to effects on specific bacterial species; by contrast, all fertilization treatments resulted in changes in fungal diversity due to changes in soil properties. Principal component analysis indicated that fertilization had a significant effect on soil microbial community structure, and the effect of chemical fertilizer combined with pig manure was greater than that of chemical fertilizer alone. Soil available phosphorus, total phosphorus, and pH were the most important factors that influenced bacterial taxa, whereas soil pH, total phosphorus, organic carbon, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen were the most important factors influencing fungal taxa after 12 years of fertilization in aeolian sandy soil.
土壤微生物在养分循环以及决定土壤质量和肥力方面发挥着关键作用；因此，它们对农业生产至关重要。然而，由于不同研究结果不一致，长期施肥对土壤微生物群落的影响仍不明确。本研究的目的是通过分析16S rRNA和ITS rRNA基因序列以及土壤性质，来表征风沙土在12年不同施肥处理后细菌和真菌多样性及群落结构的变化，以发现驱动因素。自2009年起设置了8种不同的施肥处理：不施肥（CK）、化学氮肥（N）、化学氮磷肥（NP）、化学氮磷钾肥（NPK）、仅施猪粪（M）、猪粪加化学氮肥（MN）、猪粪加化学氮磷肥（MNP）、猪粪加化学氮磷钾肥（MNPK）。结果表明，长期施用化肥降低了土壤pH值，而添加猪粪缓解了土壤pH值的下降。化肥加猪粪显著提高了土壤有效养分和土壤有机碳。长期施用MNPK肥料由于对特定细菌种类的影响导致细菌多样性发生变化；相比之下，所有施肥处理由于土壤性质的变化导致真菌多样性发生变化。主成分分析表明，施肥对土壤微生物群落结构有显著影响，化肥与猪粪结合的效果大于单独施用化肥的效果。在风沙土施肥12年后，土壤有效磷、总磷和pH是影响细菌类群的最重要因素，而土壤pH、总磷、有机碳、铵态氮和硝态氮是影响真菌类群的最重要因素。
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