Bongoua-Devisme Affi Jeanne, Kouakou Sainte Adelaïde Ahya, Kouadio Konan-Kan Hippolyte, Lemonou Michael Bahan Franck
Department of Pedology and Agricultural Durable, UFR STRM, FHB University, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
Center National of Research Agronomic-CNRA, Man, Côte d'Ivoire.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Oct 10;15:1409559. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1409559. eCollection 2024.
The impact of chemical fertilizers on soil microbial communities is well acknowledged. This study assesses the influence of various phosphorus sources on soil bacterial composition, abundance, and Phosphorus Cycle Gene Abundance. Three phosphorus sources (natural phosphate rock, triple super phosphate (TSP), and chemical fertilizer NPK) were field tested following two rice cultivation cycles. Soil samples were subsequently collected and analyzed for bacterial groups and phosphorus cycle genes. Results indicated that the bacterial community composition remained consistent, comprising five main phyla: Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Halobacterota, and Chloroflexia, regardless of fertilizer type. NPK fertilizer significantly reduced the relative abundance of Chloroflexia by 19% and Firmicutes by 16.4%, while increasing Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria by 27.5 and 58.8%, respectively. TSP fertilizer increased Actinobacteria by 27.1% and Halobacterota by 24.8%, but reduced Chloroflexia by 8.6%, Firmicutes by 12.6%, and Proteobacteria by 0.6%. Phosphate rock application resulted in reductions of Chloroflexia by 27.1%, Halobacterota by 22.9%, and Firmicutes by 6.2%, alongside increases in Actinobacteria by 46.6% and Proteobacteria by 23.8%. Combined application of TSP, NPK, and phosphate rock led to increases in Proteobacteria (24-40%) and Actinobacteria (13-39%), and decreases in Chloroflexia (5.2-22%) and Firmicutes (6-12.3%) compared to the control (T0). While the different phosphorus sources did not alter the composition of phosphorus cycle genes, they did modulate their abundance. NPK fertilizer did not significantly affect ppK genes (57-59%) but reduced gcd (100 to 69%), 3-phytase (74 to 34%), appA (91 to 63%), and phoD (83 to 67%). Phosphate rock reduced appA and gcd by 27 and 15%, respectively, while increasing 3-phytase by 19%. TSP decreased ppK and phoD by 42 and 40%, respectively, and gcd and appA by 34 and 56%, respectively. Combined fertilizers reduced appA (49 to 34%), 3-phytase (10 to 0%), and gcd (27 to 6%), while increasing ppK (72 to 100%). Among tested phosphorus sources, natural phosphate rock was best, causing moderate changes in bacterial composition and phosphorus genes, supporting balanced soil microbial activity. These findings highlight the complex interactions between fertilizers and soil microbial communities, underscoring the need for tailored fertilization strategies to maintain soil health and optimize agricultural productivity.
化肥对土壤微生物群落的影响已得到广泛认可。本研究评估了各种磷源对土壤细菌组成、丰度和磷循环基因丰度的影响。在两个水稻种植周期后，对三种磷源（天然磷矿、重过磷酸钙（TSP）和化肥NPK）进行了田间试验。随后采集土壤样本，分析细菌群落和磷循环基因。结果表明，无论肥料类型如何，细菌群落组成保持一致，主要包括五个门：厚壁菌门、放线菌门、变形菌门、盐杆菌门和绿弯菌门。NPK化肥显著降低了绿弯菌门的相对丰度19%，厚壁菌门降低了16.4%，同时放线菌门和变形菌门分别增加了27.5%和58.8%。TSP化肥使放线菌门增加了27.1%，盐杆菌门增加了24.8%，但绿弯菌门减少了8.6%，厚壁菌门减少了12.6%，变形菌门减少了0.6%。施用磷矿粉导致绿弯菌门减少27.1%，盐杆菌门减少22.9%，厚壁菌门减少6.2%，同时放线菌门增加46.6%，变形菌门增加23.8%。与对照（T0）相比，TSP、NPK和磷矿粉的组合施用导致变形菌门（24 - 40%）和放线菌门（13 - 39%）增加，绿弯菌门（5.2 - 22%）和厚壁菌门（6 - 12.3%）减少。虽然不同的磷源没有改变磷循环基因的组成，但它们确实调节了其丰度。NPK化肥对ppK基因（57 - 59%）影响不显著，但降低了gcd（从100%降至69%）、3 - 植酸酶（从74%降至34%）、appA（从91%降至63%）和phoD（从83%降至67%）。磷矿粉分别使appA和gcd降低了27%和15%，同时使3 - 植酸酶增加了19%。TSP分别使ppK和phoD降低了42%和40%，gcd和appA分别降低了34%和56%。复合肥降低了appA（从49%降至34%）、3 - 植酸酶（从10%降至0%）和gcd（从27%降至6%），同时增加了ppK（从72%增至100%）。在所测试的磷源中，天然磷矿粉效果最佳，对细菌组成和磷基因产生适度变化，支持土壤微生物活动的平衡。这些发现突出了肥料与土壤微生物群落之间复杂的相互作用，强调需要制定定制化施肥策略以维持土壤健康并优化农业生产力。
