Zhou Deyang, Yang Kaiqing, Zhang Yinhui, Liu Cancan, He Ye, Tan Jialin, Ruan Zhepu, Qiu Rongliang
Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Oct 21;15:1461821. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1461821. eCollection 2024.
Organic fertilizers (OF) are crucial for enhancing soil quality and fostering plant growth, offering a more eco-friendly and enduring solution compared to chemical fertilizers (CF). However, few studies have systematically analyzed the effects of OF/CF on root microbiome of medicinal plants, especially in combination with active ingredients.
In this study, we investigated the composition and function of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere or within the root of traditional Chinese medicinal plants, (Huajuhong), which were treated with OF or CF over 1, 3, and 5 years (starting from 2018). Additionally, we conducted metabolome analysis to evaluate the effects of different fertilizers on the medicinal properties of Huajuhong.
The results indicated that extended fertilization could enhance the microbial population and function in plant roots. Notably, OF demonstrated a stronger influence on bacteria, whereas CF enhanced the cohesion of fungal networks and the number of fungal functional enzymes, and even potentially reduced the proliferation of harmful rhizosphere pathogens. By adopting distancebased redundancy analysis, we identified the key physicochemical characteristics that significantly influence the distribution of endophytes, particularly in the case of OF. In contrast, CF was found to exert a more pronounced impact on the composition of the rhizosphere microbiome. Although the application of OF resulted in a broader spectrum of compounds in Huajuhong peel, CF proved to be more efficacious in elevating the concentrations of flavonoids and polysaccharides in the fruit.
Consequently, the effects of long-term application of OF or CF on medicinal plants is different in many ways. This research provides a guide for OF/CF selection from the perspective of soil microecology and aids us to critically assess and understand the effects of both fertilizers on the soil environment, and promotes sustainable development of organic agriculture.
有机肥料对于提高土壤质量和促进植物生长至关重要，与化学肥料相比，它提供了一种更环保、更持久的解决方案。然而，很少有研究系统地分析有机肥料/化学肥料对药用植物根系微生物群的影响，特别是与活性成分结合时的影响。
在本研究中，我们调查了自2018年起连续1年、3年和5年施用有机肥料或化学肥料处理的中药材化橘红根际和根内细菌和真菌的组成及功能。此外，我们进行了代谢组分析，以评估不同肥料对化橘红药用特性的影响。
结果表明，长期施肥可增加植物根系中的微生物数量并增强其功能。值得注意的是，有机肥料对细菌的影响更强，而化学肥料增强了真菌网络的凝聚力和真菌功能酶的数量，甚至可能减少有害根际病原体的增殖。通过基于距离的冗余分析，我们确定了显著影响内生菌分布的关键理化特性，特别是在有机肥料的情况下。相比之下，化学肥料对根际微生物群的组成影响更为显著。虽然施用有机肥料使化橘红果皮中的化合物种类更丰富，但化学肥料在提高果实中黄酮类化合物和多糖的浓度方面更有效。
因此，长期施用有机肥料或化学肥料对药用植物的影响在许多方面存在差异。本研究从土壤微生态的角度为有机肥料/化学肥料的选择提供了指导，有助于我们严格评估和理解两种肥料对土壤环境的影响，并促进有机农业的可持续发展。
