Tussing-Humphreys Lisa, Lamar Melissa, McLeod Andrew, Schiffer Linda, Blumstein Lara, Dakers Roxanne, Karstens Aimee, Hemphill Nefertiti Oji Njideka, Strahan Desmona, Siegel Leilah, Flack Jennifer Sanchez, Antonic Mirjana, Restrepo Leo, Berbaum Michael, Fitzgibbon Marian
Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Prev Med Rep. 2022 Aug 19;29:101955. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101955. eCollection 2022 Oct.
A Mediterranean diet and intentional weight loss each positively affect cognitive functioning. Combining both could produce synergistic effects on cognition. The purpose of this study is to compare a Mediterranean diet lifestyle intervention with and without caloric restriction versus control on cognition, lifestyle, and cardiometabolic disease. In a three-arm trial conducted between 2017 and 2020 in Chicago, one hundred and eight-five, 55-85-year-old, predominately non-Hispanic black females with obesity were randomized (2:2:1) to an 8-month Mediterranean diet plus caloric restriction intervention, Mediterranean diet alone, or control. The primary outcome was change from baseline to post-intervention in cognitive composite scores: attention, information & processing; executive function; and learning, memory, & recognition. Secondary outcomes were weight, lifestyle and cardiometabolic markers. The 8-month Mediterranean diet interventions did not significantly affect cognition. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet improved more in the Mediterranean diet plus caloric restriction arm (mean [SE] score change, +6.3 [0.7] points) and Mediterranean diet alone arm (+4.8 [0.7] points) relative to controls (+0.6 [0.9] points). Mean weight loss was greater among the Mediterranean diet plus caloric restriction arm (-4.6 [0.6] kg) compared to the Mediterranean diet alone (-2.6 [0.6] kg) and control arms (-0.6 [0.7] kg). The interventions did not affect activity or cardiometabolic risk markers; although, fasting insulin did decline in the Mediterranean diet plus caloric restriction arm relative to the Mediterranean diet alone and control arms. A Mediterranean diet lifestyle intervention with and without caloric restriction did not significantly affect cognitive function compared to controls. The Mediterranean diet interventions, however, significantly affected diet quality and body weight.
地中海饮食和有意减肥对认知功能均有积极影响。两者结合可能会对认知产生协同效应。本研究的目的是比较有热量限制和无热量限制的地中海饮食生活方式干预与对照在认知、生活方式和心血管代谢疾病方面的差异。在2017年至2020年于芝加哥进行的一项三臂试验中，185名年龄在55 - 85岁、以非西班牙裔黑人女性为主且患有肥胖症的受试者被随机分组（2:2:1），分别接受为期8个月的地中海饮食加热量限制干预、单纯地中海饮食或对照干预。主要结局是从基线到干预后认知综合评分的变化：注意力、信息与处理；执行功能；以及学习、记忆与识别。次要结局包括体重、生活方式和心血管代谢指标。为期8个月的地中海饮食干预对认知没有显著影响。相对于对照组（平均[标准误]评分变化为 +0.6[0.9]分），地中海饮食加热量限制组（平均[标准误]评分变化为 +6.3[0.7]分）和单纯地中海饮食组（+4.8[0.7]分）对地中海饮食的依从性改善更为明显。与单纯地中海饮食组（-2.6[0.6]千克）和对照组（-0.6[0.7]千克）相比，地中海饮食加热量限制组的平均体重减轻幅度更大（-4.6[0.6]千克）。这些干预措施未影响活动或心血管代谢风险指标；不过，相对于单纯地中海饮食组和对照组，地中海饮食加热量限制组的空腹胰岛素水平有所下降。与对照组相比，有热量限制和无热量限制的地中海饮食生活方式干预对认知功能没有显著影响。然而，地中海饮食干预对饮食质量和体重有显著影响。
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