Sanchez-Flack Jennifer C, Tussing-Humphreys Lisa, Lamar Melissa, Fantuzzi Giamilla, Schiffer Linda, Blumstein Lara, McLeod Andrew, Dakers Roxanne, Strahan Desmona, Restrepo Leo, Hemphill Nefertiti Oji Njideka, Siegel Leilah, Antonic Mirjana, Fitzgibbon Marian
Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, United States.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1200 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60607, United States.
Prev Med Rep. 2020 Dec 31;22:101302. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101302. eCollection 2021 Jun.
In the United States, >5.4 million people age 65 and older are affected by cognitive impairment and dementia, including Alzheimer's disease. African Americans are more likely than non-Hispanic whites to suffer from these disorders. Obesity is linked to accelerated age-related cognitive decline, and weight loss through caloric restriction is a potential strategy to prevent this cognitive impairment. Adherence to a healthful dietary pattern, such as the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet), has also shown positive effects on reducing risk for dementia. African Americans are disproportionately affected by obesity and have less healthful diets than non-Hispanic whites. We present baseline characteristics from a three-arm randomized controlled trial that randomized 185 obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m and ≤ 50 kg/m) healthy older adults (55-85 years of age) to: 1) Typical Diet Control (TDC); 2) MedDiet alone (MedDiet-A) intervention; or 3) MedDiet caloric restricted intervention to promote weight loss (MedDiet-WL). The majority of the sample was African American (91.4%) and female (85.9%). The two active interventions (MedDiet-A and MedDiet-WL) met once weekly for 8 months, and the TDC received weekly general health newsletters. Baseline data were collected between January 2017 and July 2019 in Chicago, IL. In our sample, closer adherence to a MedDiet pattern was associated with higher attention and information processing (AIP) and higher executive functioning (EF). Consistent with the literature, we saw that older participants performed more poorly on the cognitive assessments than younger participants, and women outperformed men across verbally mediated tasks, especially ones related to learning and memory.
在美国，超过540万65岁及以上的人受到认知障碍和痴呆症的影响，其中包括阿尔茨海默病。非裔美国人比非西班牙裔白人更易患这些疾病。肥胖与年龄相关的认知衰退加速有关，通过热量限制来减轻体重是预防这种认知障碍的一种潜在策略。坚持健康的饮食模式，如地中海饮食（MedDiet），在降低痴呆风险方面也显示出积极效果。非裔美国人受肥胖影响的比例过高，且饮食不如非西班牙裔白人健康。我们展示了一项三臂随机对照试验的基线特征，该试验将185名肥胖（体重指数≥30kg/m且≤50kg/m）的健康老年人（55 - 85岁）随机分为：1）典型饮食控制（TDC）组；2）仅采用地中海饮食（MedDiet - A）干预组；或3）采用地中海饮食热量限制干预以促进体重减轻（MedDiet - WL）组。样本中的大多数是非裔美国人（91.4%）且为女性（85.9%）。两个积极干预组（MedDiet - A和MedDiet - WL）每周会面一次，持续8个月，TDC组则每周收到一般健康通讯。基线数据于2017年1月至2019年7月在伊利诺伊州芝加哥收集。在我们的样本中，更严格遵循地中海饮食模式与更高的注意力和信息处理能力（AIP）以及更高的执行功能（EF）相关。与文献一致，我们发现老年参与者在认知评估中的表现比年轻参与者更差，并且在语言介导任务中，尤其是与学习和记忆相关的任务中，女性的表现优于男性。
