Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Division of General and Pediatric Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria.
J Magn Reson Imaging. 2023 Feb;57(2):370-386. doi: 10.1002/jmri.28431. Epub 2022 Sep 27.
The recent introduction of hybrid positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) as a promising imaging modality for breast cancer assessment has prompted fervent research activity on its clinical applications. The current knowledge regarding the possible clinical applications of hybrid PET/MRI is constantly evolving, thanks to the development and clinical availability of hybrid scanners, the development of new PET tracers and the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. In this state-of-the-art review on the use of hybrid breast PET/MRI, the most promising advanced MRI techniques (diffusion-weighted imaging, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and chemical exchange saturation transfer) are discussed. Current and experimental PET tracers ( F-FDG, F-NaF, choline, F-FES, F-FES, Zr-trastuzumab, choline derivatives, F-FLT, and Ga-FAPI-46) are described in order to provide an overview on their molecular mechanisms of action and corresponding clinical applications. New perspectives represented by the use of radiomics and AI techniques are discussed. Furthermore, the current strengths and limitations of hybrid PET/MRI in the real world are highlighted. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
近年来，混合正电子发射断层扫描/磁共振成像（PET/MRI）作为一种有前途的乳腺癌评估成像方式得到了广泛应用，这促使人们对其临床应用进行了大量研究。由于混合扫描仪的开发和临床应用、新型 PET 示踪剂的开发以及人工智能（AI）技术的兴起，当前关于混合 PET/MRI 可能的临床应用的知识正在不断发展。在这篇关于使用混合乳腺 PET/MRI 的最新综述中，讨论了最有前途的先进 MRI 技术（扩散加权成像、动态对比增强 MRI、磁共振波谱和化学交换饱和转移）。目前和实验性的 PET 示踪剂（ F-FDG、 F-NaF、胆碱、 F-FES、 F-FES、 Zr-曲妥珠单抗、胆碱衍生物、 F-FLT 和 Ga-FAPI-46）被描述，以便对它们的作用机制和相应的临床应用有一个概述。还讨论了由放射组学和 AI 技术的使用所代表的新观点。此外，还强调了混合 PET/MRI 在现实世界中的当前优势和局限性。证据水平：2 技术功效：2 级。
