组织电子健康干预措施在解决员工心理健康问题方面的有效性趋势：系统评价和荟萃分析。
Trends in Effectiveness of Organizational eHealth Interventions in Addressing Employee Mental Health: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
机构信息
Central Clinical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.
ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, Sydney, Australia.
出版信息
J Med Internet Res. 2022 Sep 27;24(9):e37776. doi: 10.2196/37776.
BACKGROUND
Mental health conditions are considered the leading cause of disability, sickness absence, and long-term work incapacity. eHealth interventions provide employees with access to psychological assistance. There has been widespread implementation and provision of eHealth interventions in the workplace as an inexpensive and anonymous way of addressing common mental disorders.
OBJECTIVE
This updated review aimed to synthesize the literature on the efficacy of eHealth interventions for anxiety, depression, and stress outcomes in employee samples in organizational settings and evaluate whether their effectiveness has improved over time.
METHODS
Systematic searches of relevant articles published from 2004 to July 2020 of eHealth intervention trials (app- or web-based) focusing on the mental health of employees were conducted. The quality and bias of all studies were assessed. We extracted means and SDs from publications by comparing the differences in effect sizes (Hedge g) in standardized mental health outcomes. We meta-analyzed these data using a random-effects model.
RESULTS
We identified a tripling of the body of evidence, with 75 trials available for meta-analysis from a combined sample of 14,747 articles. eHealth interventions showed small positive effects for anxiety (Hedges g=0.26, 95% CI 0.13-0.39; P<.001), depression (Hedges g=0.26, 95% CI 0.19-0.34; P<.001), and stress (Hedges g=0.25, 95% CI 0.17-0.34; P<.001) in employees' after intervention, with similar effects seen at the medium-term follow-up. However, there was evidence of no increase in the effectiveness of these interventions over the past decade.
CONCLUSIONS
This review and meta-analysis confirmed that eHealth interventions have a small positive impact on reducing mental health symptoms in employees. Disappointingly, we found no evidence that, despite the advances in technology and the enormous resources in time, research, and finance devoted to this area for over a decade, better interventions are being produced. Hopefully, these small effect sizes do not represent optimum outcomes in organizational settings.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD42020185859; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=185859.
背景
心理健康问题被认为是导致残疾、病假和长期工作能力丧失的主要原因。电子健康干预措施为员工提供了获得心理援助的途径。作为一种廉价且匿名的方式来解决常见的精神障碍，电子健康干预措施在工作场所得到了广泛的实施和提供。
目的
本综述旨在综合关于在组织环境中员工样本中电子健康干预措施对焦虑、抑郁和压力结果的疗效的文献，并评估其有效性是否随时间推移而提高。
方法
系统检索了 2004 年至 2020 年 7 月发表的关于电子健康干预措施（基于应用程序或网络）对员工心理健康影响的试验相关文章。评估了所有研究的质量和偏倚。我们通过比较标准化心理健康结果的效应大小（Hedge g）来比较出版物中的均值和标准差。我们使用随机效应模型对这些数据进行了荟萃分析。
结果
我们发现证据数量增加了两倍，从最初的 14747 篇文章中，有 75 项试验可用于荟萃分析。电子健康干预措施对员工的焦虑（Hedges g=0.26，95%CI 0.13-0.39；P<.001）、抑郁（Hedges g=0.26，95%CI 0.19-0.34；P<.001）和压力（Hedges g=0.25，95%CI 0.17-0.34；P<.001）在干预后有较小的积极影响，在中期随访中也有类似的效果。然而，有证据表明，在过去的十年中，这些干预措施的效果并没有提高。
结论
本综述和荟萃分析证实，电子健康干预措施对减轻员工的心理健康症状有较小的积极影响。令人失望的是，我们没有发现证据表明，尽管在过去十年中，技术进步、时间、研究和资金方面都投入了大量资源，但更好的干预措施正在被开发出来。希望这些较小的效果大小在组织环境中不是最佳结果。
试验注册
PROSPERO CRD42020185859；https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=185859。
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