The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
Cell. 2022 Oct 13;185(21):4023-4037.e18. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.08.023. Epub 2022 Sep 28.
High-throughput RNA sequencing offers broad opportunities to explore the Earth RNA virome. Mining 5,150 diverse metatranscriptomes uncovered >2.5 million RNA virus contigs. Analysis of >330,000 RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRPs) shows that this expansion corresponds to a 5-fold increase of the known RNA virus diversity. Gene content analysis revealed multiple protein domains previously not found in RNA viruses and implicated in virus-host interactions. Extended RdRP phylogeny supports the monophyly of the five established phyla and reveals two putative additional bacteriophage phyla and numerous putative additional classes and orders. The dramatically expanded phylum Lenarviricota, consisting of bacterial and related eukaryotic viruses, now accounts for a third of the RNA virome. Identification of CRISPR spacer matches and bacteriolytic proteins suggests that subsets of picobirnaviruses and partitiviruses, previously associated with eukaryotes, infect prokaryotic hosts.
高通量 RNA 测序为探索地球 RNA 病毒组提供了广泛的机会。挖掘 5150 种不同的宏转录组，发现了超过 250 万个 RNA 病毒连续序列。对超过 330000 种 RNA 依赖性 RNA 聚合酶（RdRPs）的分析表明，这一扩展对应于已知 RNA 病毒多样性的 5 倍增加。基因内容分析揭示了多个以前在 RNA 病毒中未发现的、与病毒-宿主相互作用有关的蛋白质结构域。扩展的 RdRP 系统发育支持五个已建立的门的单系性，并揭示了两个假定的额外噬菌体门和许多假定的额外类和目。Lenarviricota 门的急剧扩展，由细菌和相关真核病毒组成，现在占 RNA 病毒组的三分之一。CRISPR 间隔匹配和细菌裂解蛋白的鉴定表明，以前与真核生物相关的小双核糖核酸病毒和部分病毒，感染原核宿主。
