用于研究微生物群落中病毒多样性和生态的病毒组学方法。

Viromics approaches for the study of viral diversity and ecology in microbiomes.

作者信息

Roux Simon, Coclet Clement

机构信息

DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.

出版信息

Nat Rev Genet. 2025 Jul 21. doi: 10.1038/s41576-025-00871-w.

DOI:10.1038/s41576-025-00871-w

PMID:40691354

Abstract

Viruses are found across all ecosystems and infect every type of organism on Earth. Traditional culture-based methods have proven insufficient to explore this viral diversity at scale, driving the development of viromics, the sequence-based analysis of uncultivated viruses. Viromics approaches have been particularly useful for studying viruses of microorganisms, which can act as crucial regulators of microbiomes across ecosystems. They have already revealed the broad geographic distribution of viral communities and are progressively uncovering the expansive genetic and functional diversity of the global virome. Moving forward, large-scale viral ecogenomics studies combined with new experimental and computational approaches to identify virus activity and host interactions will enable a more complete characterization of global viral diversity and its effects.

摘要

病毒存在于所有生态系统中，并感染地球上的每一种生物。传统的基于培养的方法已被证明不足以大规模探索这种病毒多样性，从而推动了病毒组学的发展，即对未培养病毒进行基于序列的分析。病毒组学方法对于研究微生物病毒特别有用，这些病毒可以作为跨生态系统微生物群落的关键调节因子。它们已经揭示了病毒群落广泛的地理分布，并逐渐揭示了全球病毒组广阔的遗传和功能多样性。展望未来，大规模病毒生态基因组学研究与新的实验和计算方法相结合，以识别病毒活性和宿主相互作用，将能够更全面地描述全球病毒多样性及其影响。