Takase Tomoki, Masumoto Norio, Shibatani Naoki, Matsuoka Yusaku, Tanaka Fumiaki, Hirabatake Masaki, Kashiwagi Hiroko, Nishioka Itaru, Ikesue Hiroaki, Hashida Tohru, Koide Naoshi, Muroi Nobuyuki
Department of Pharmacy, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, 2-1-1, Minatojima Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
Deloitte Analytics, Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu LLC, 3-2-3, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-8360, Japan.
J Pharm Health Care Sci. 2022 Oct 1;8(1):24. doi: 10.1186/s40780-022-00255-w.
Although automated dispensing robots have been implemented for medication dispensing in Japan, their effect is yet to be fully investigated. In this study, we evaluated the effect of automated dispensing robots and collaborative work with pharmacy support staff on medication dispensing.
A robotic dispensing system integrating the following three components was established: (1) automated dispensing robot (Drug Station®), which is operated by pharmacy support staff, (2) automated dispensing robot for powdered medicine (Mini DimeRo®), and (3) bar-coded medication dispensing support system with personal digital assistance (Hp-PORIMS®). Subsequently, we evaluated the incidences of dispensing errors and dispensing times before and after introducing the robotic dispensing system. Dispensing errors were classified into two categories, namely prevented dispensing errors and unprevented dispensing errors. The incidence of dispensing errors was calculated as follows: incidence of dispensing errors = total number of dispensing errors/total number of medication orders in each prescription.
After introducing the robotic dispensing system, the total incidence of prevented dispensing errors was significantly reduced (0.204% [324/158,548] to 0.044% [50/114,111], p < 0.001). The total incidence of unprevented dispensing errors was significantly reduced (0.015% [24/158,548] to 0.002% [2/114,111], p < 0.001). The number of cases of wrong strength and wrong drug, which can seriously impact a patient's health, reduced to almost zero. The median dispensing time of pharmacists per prescription was significantly reduced (from 60 to 23 s, p < 0.001).
The robotic dispensing system enabled the process of medication dispensing by pharmacist to be partially and safely shared with automated dispensing robots and pharmacy support staff. Therefore, clinical care for patients by pharmacists could be enhanced by ensuring quality and safety of medication.
尽管日本已实施自动配药机器人进行药品调配，但其效果仍有待充分研究。在本研究中，我们评估了自动配药机器人以及与药房支持人员协作工作对药品调配的影响。
建立了一个集成以下三个组件的机器人配药系统：（1）由药房支持人员操作的自动配药机器人（Drug Station®），（2）用于粉状药物的自动配药机器人（Mini DimeRo®），以及（3）带有个人数字助理的条形码药品调配支持系统（Hp-PORIMS®）。随后，我们评估了引入机器人配药系统前后调配错误的发生率和调配时间。调配错误分为两类，即预防调配错误和未预防调配错误。调配错误的发生率计算如下：调配错误发生率 = 各处方中调配错误总数/药品订单总数。
引入机器人配药系统后，预防调配错误的总发生率显著降低（从0.204%[324/158,548]降至0.044%[50/114,111]，p < 0.001）。未预防调配错误的总发生率显著降低（从0.015%[24/158,548]降至0.002%[2/114,111]，p < 0.001）。可能严重影响患者健康的错误剂量和错误药物的病例数几乎降至零。药剂师每张处方的中位调配时间显著减少（从60秒降至23秒，p < 0.001）。
机器人配药系统使药剂师的药品调配过程能够部分且安全地与自动配药机器人和药房支持人员共享。因此，通过确保药品质量和安全，可以加强药剂师对患者的临床护理。
