Mehta Kavil, Baruah Prahlad K
Department of Physics, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382426, Gujarat, India.
Rev Sci Instrum. 2022 Sep 1;93(9):091501. doi: 10.1063/5.0084803.
Pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) has been established as one of the most efficient and impactful methods for producing pure and ligand-free nanoparticles (NPs). PLAL has successfully been utilized for the synthesis of metal NPs, semiconductor NPs, ceramic NPs, and even nanocomposites. A variety of NPs, including core-shell, nanocubes, nanorods, and many other complex structures, can be synthesized using PLAL. The versatility associated with PLAL has led to the synthesis of NPs that have found applications in the field of biomedicine, sensing technology, energy harvesting, and various industries. Despite all the aforementioned advantages, there has been an ambiguity in terms of conditions/parameters for the nanoparticle synthesis as reported by various research groups. This has led to a perception that PLAL provides little or no control over the properties of the synthesized NPs. The properties of the NPs are reliant on transient dynamics caused due to a high-intensity laser's interaction with the target material. To understand the process of nanoparticle synthesis and to control the properties of NPs, it is critical to understand the various processes that occur during PLAL. The investigation of PLAL is essential for understanding the dynamical processes involved. However, the investigation techniques employed to probe PLAL present their own set of difficulties, as high temporal as well as spatial resolution is a prerequisite to probe PLAL. Hence, the purpose of this Review is to understand the dynamical processes of PLAL and gain an insight into the various investigation techniques and their data interpretation. In addition to the current challenges, some ways of overcoming these challenges are also presented. The benefits of concurrent investigations with special emphasis on the simultaneous investigation by multiple techniques are summarized, and furthermore, a few examples are also provided to help the readers understand how the simultaneous investigation works.
液体中的脉冲激光烧蚀（PLAL）已被确立为制备纯净且无配体纳米颗粒（NP）的最有效且最具影响力的方法之一。PLAL已成功用于合成金属NP、半导体NP、陶瓷NP，甚至纳米复合材料。使用PLAL可以合成各种NP，包括核壳结构、纳米立方体、纳米棒以及许多其他复杂结构。PLAL的多功能性导致合成出的NP已在生物医学、传感技术、能量收集和各个行业领域得到应用。尽管有上述所有优点，但各研究小组报告的纳米颗粒合成条件/参数仍存在模糊性。这导致一种看法，即PLAL对合成NP的性质几乎没有或根本没有控制能力。NP的性质依赖于高强度激光与靶材料相互作用引起的瞬态动力学。为了理解纳米颗粒的合成过程并控制NP的性质，了解PLAL过程中发生的各种过程至关重要。对PLAL的研究对于理解其中涉及的动力学过程至关重要。然而，用于探测PLAL的研究技术存在其自身的一系列困难，因为高时间和空间分辨率是探测PLAL的先决条件。因此，本综述的目的是了解PLAL的动力学过程，并深入了解各种研究技术及其数据解释。除了当前的挑战外，还介绍了一些克服这些挑战的方法。总结了同时进行研究的好处，特别强调了多种技术同时进行研究的好处，此外，还提供了一些例子来帮助读者理解同时研究是如何进行的。
