Wu Fuhua, Qin Ming, Wang Hairui, Sun Xun
Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2023 Mar;15(2):e1857. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1857. Epub 2022 Oct 2.
The invention and application of vaccines have made tremendous contributions to fight against pandemics for human beings. However, current vaccines still have shortcomings such as insufficient cellular immunity, the lack of cross-protection, and the risk of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). Thus, the prevention and control of pandemic viruses including Ebola Virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Influenza A viruses, Zika, and current SARS-CoV-2 are still extremely challenging. Nanoparticles with unique physical, chemical, and biological properties, hold promising potentials for the development of ideal vaccines against these viral infections. Moreover, the approval of the first nanoparticle-based mRNA vaccine BNT162b has established historic milestones that greatly inspired the clinical translation of nanovaccines. Given the safety and extensive application of subunit vaccines, and the rapid rise of mRNA vaccines, this review mainly focuses on these two vaccine strategies and provides an overview of the nanoparticle-based vaccine delivery platforms to tackle the current and next global health challenges. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
疫苗的发明和应用为人类抗击大流行病做出了巨大贡献。然而，目前的疫苗仍存在细胞免疫不足、缺乏交叉保护以及抗体依赖性增强（ADE）风险等缺点。因此，对包括埃博拉病毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）、甲型流感病毒、寨卡病毒以及当前的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）在内的大流行病毒的防控仍然极具挑战性。具有独特物理、化学和生物学特性的纳米颗粒在开发针对这些病毒感染的理想疫苗方面具有广阔前景。此外，首款基于纳米颗粒的信使核糖核酸（mRNA）疫苗BNT162b的获批树立了历史性的里程碑，极大地推动了纳米疫苗的临床转化。鉴于亚单位疫苗的安全性和广泛应用，以及mRNA疫苗的迅速崛起，本综述主要聚焦于这两种疫苗策略，并概述基于纳米颗粒的疫苗递送平台，以应对当前及未来的全球健康挑战。本文分类如下：治疗方法与药物发现>传染病的纳米医学；治疗方法与药物发现>新兴技术。
