Majchrowska Anita, Wiechetek Michał, Domaradzki Jan, Pawlikowski Jakub
Chair and Department of Humanities and Social Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
Front Genet. 2022 Sep 15;13:989252. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2022.989252. eCollection 2022.
The willingness to donate human biological material for research purposes is shaped by socio-cultural factors; however, there is a lack of studies analysing the social perception of different human tissues, which may affect such willingness. This study aimed to distinguish different sociocultural categories of human tissues and types of potential donors based on their willingness to donate material. Quantitative research was conducted on a sample of 1,100 adult Poles representative in terms of sex, place of residence and education. According to the study, people were most willing to donate urine (73.9%), blood (69.7%), hair and tears (69.6%) and the least willing to donate post-mortem brain fragments (20%), sperm (males; 36.4%) and egg cells (females; 39.6%). A factor analysis revealed four sociocultural categories of donated tissues: irrelevant, redundant, ordinary and sensitive. Based on these sociocultural categories of tissues, four types of donors were identified: reluctant, highly cooperative, average cooperative and selectively cooperative. The willingness to donate human samples for research is shaped by the sociocultural perception of different body parts and tissues. The lower the sense of "personal relationship" with a specific type of tissue, organ or part of the body, the higher the motivation to donate such biological material for research purposes. Additionally, the willingness to donate is mostly shaped by social trust in physicians and scientists, and potential donors' engagement in charity activities.
为研究目的捐赠人类生物材料的意愿受社会文化因素影响；然而，缺乏对不同人体组织社会认知的研究，而这种认知可能会影响这种意愿。本研究旨在根据捐赠材料的意愿区分人体组织的不同社会文化类别以及潜在捐赠者类型。对1100名在性别、居住地点和教育程度方面具有代表性的成年波兰人样本进行了定量研究。根据该研究，人们最愿意捐赠尿液（73.9%）、血液（69.7%）、头发和眼泪（69.6%），最不愿意捐赠死后的脑碎片（20%）、精子（男性；36.4%）和卵细胞（女性；39.6%）。因素分析揭示了捐赠组织的四个社会文化类别：无关紧要的、多余的、普通的和敏感的。基于这些组织的社会文化类别，确定了四种捐赠者类型：不情愿的、高度合作的、中等合作的和有选择合作的。为研究目的捐赠人类样本的意愿受对不同身体部位和组织的社会文化认知影响。与特定类型的组织、器官或身体部位的“个人关联”感越低，为研究目的捐赠此类生物材料的动机就越高。此外，捐赠意愿主要受对医生和科学家的社会信任以及潜在捐赠者参与慈善活动的影响。
