Preston Roxana, Blomster Jaanika, Schagerström Ellen, Seppä Perttu
Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland.
Tvärminne Zoological Station University of Helsinki Hanko Finland.
Ecol Evol. 2022 Sep 20;12(9):e9336. doi: 10.1002/ece3.9336. eCollection 2022 Sep.
Genetic characteristics of populations can have substantial impacts on the adaptive potential of a species. Species are heterogeneous, often defined by variability at a range of scales including at the genetic, individual and population level. Using microsatellite genotyping, we characterize patterns underlying the genetic heterogeneity in marine macroalga , with a particular focus on two forms: attached and free-living. Here we demonstrate that sympatric populations representing the two forms display marked differences in characteristics of reproduction and genetic diversity. Asexual reproduction was ubiquitous in the free-living form despite being almost entirely absent in the attached form, while signals of polyploidy were common in both forms despite the distinct reproductive modes. Gene flow within and between the forms differed, with barriers to gene flow occurring between forms at various spatial scales due to the reproductive modes employed by individuals of each form. The divergent genetic characteristics of demonstrate that intraspecific differences can influence the properties of populations with consequential effects on the whole ecosystem. The differing genetic patterns and habitat requirements of the two forms define separate but closely associated ecological entities that will likely display divergent responses to future changes in environmental conditions.
种群的遗传特征会对一个物种的适应潜力产生重大影响。物种是异质的，通常由一系列尺度上的变异性来定义，包括遗传、个体和种群水平。利用微卫星基因分型，我们描绘了海洋大型藻类遗传异质性背后的模式，特别关注两种形式：附着型和自由生活型。在这里，我们证明代表这两种形式的同域种群在繁殖特征和遗传多样性方面表现出显著差异。无性繁殖在自由生活型中普遍存在，而在附着型中几乎完全不存在，尽管两种形式的繁殖模式不同，但多倍体信号在两种形式中都很常见。两种形式内部和之间的基因流动不同，由于每种形式的个体所采用的繁殖模式，在不同空间尺度上，两种形式之间存在基因流动障碍。这种差异的遗传特征表明种内差异会影响种群特性，进而对整个生态系统产生影响。两种形式不同的遗传模式和栖息地需求定义了独立但紧密相关的生态实体，它们可能会对未来环境条件的变化表现出不同的反应。
