Department of General Ophthalmology, Sankara Eye Hospital, Harakere, Shimoga, Karnataka, India.
Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Sankara Eye Hospital, Harakere, Shimoga, Karnataka, India.
Indian J Ophthalmol. 2022 Oct;70(10):3618-3624. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_776_22.
To study the presence and development of strabismus in children with telecanthus, epicanthus, and hypertelorism.
This is a prospective, longitudinal, and observational study. Sixty children aged between 6 months and 18 years with telecanthus, epicanthus, and hypertelorism in isolation or in combination were recruited. A detailed analysis of the history, determination of best corrected visual acuity, complete evaluation of strabismus, and ocular examination were carried out. The presence of telecanthus, epicanthus, and hypertelorism and associated strabismus, if any, was noted. All children were followed up for a minimum and maximum period of 12 and 18 months, respectively, to analyze the strabismus (previously present) and for detection of strabismus in those who did not have. The data were analyzed descriptively with mean and standard deviation. Chi square test and Fishers exact test were used to analyze the data between the groups. A P value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Telecanthus was the most common lid feature (55%). At baseline, ten (16.66%) children had strabismus (six: esotropia; four: exotropia). Two (3.33%) children underwent surgery. One child developed exotropia at the third follow-up (18 months). At the end of the study, 11 (18.33%) children had strabismus. No significant association was seen between lid characteristics and the type of strabismus.
Children with telecanthus, epicanthus, and hypertelorism in isolation or in combination may or may not have associated strabismus. These features can pose difficulty in strabismus diagnosis, which mandates a careful examination, especially in younger age groups and small-angle strabismus. On the other hand, children without strabismus need longer follow-up to detect the development of strabismus and to initiate further management at the earliest.
研究伴有内眦赘皮、内眦赘皮和眶距增宽的儿童斜视的发生和发展。
这是一项前瞻性、纵向和观察性研究。共招募了 60 名年龄在 6 个月至 18 岁之间的儿童，他们患有单纯性或合并性内眦赘皮、内眦赘皮和眶距增宽。对病史进行详细分析，确定最佳矫正视力，进行斜视的全面评估和眼部检查。记录内眦赘皮、内眦赘皮和眶距增宽以及是否存在相关斜视的情况。所有儿童均进行了至少 12 个月、最长 18 个月的随访，以分析（先前存在的）斜视，并检测未出现斜视的儿童是否出现斜视。采用均值和标准差进行数据描述性分析。采用卡方检验和 Fisher 确切概率法对组间数据进行分析。P 值小于 0.05 为有统计学意义。
最常见的睑裂特征是内眦赘皮（55%）。在基线时，有 10 名（16.66%）儿童存在斜视（6 名：内斜视；4 名：外斜视）。有 2 名（3.33%）儿童接受了手术。在第 3 次随访（18 个月）时，有 1 名儿童出现外斜视。在研究结束时，有 11 名（18.33%）儿童患有斜视。睑裂特征与斜视类型之间未见显著相关性。
单纯或合并内眦赘皮、内眦赘皮和眶距增宽的儿童可能存在或不存在相关斜视。这些特征可能会导致斜视诊断困难，需要进行仔细检查，尤其是在年龄较小的儿童和小角度斜视的情况下。另一方面，没有斜视的儿童需要更长时间的随访，以便尽早发现斜视的发展并开始进一步治疗。
