Forest Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia; email:
US Forest Service Northern Research Station, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; email:
Annu Rev Entomol. 2023 Jan 23;68:211-229. doi: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120220-010854. Epub 2022 Oct 5.
The economic and environmental threats posed by non-native forest insects are ever increasing with the continuing globalization of trade and travel; thus, the need for mitigation through effective biosecurity is greater than ever. However, despite decades of research and implementation of preborder, border, and postborder preventative measures, insect invasions continue to occur, with no evidence of saturation, and are even predicted to accelerate. In this article, we review biosecurity measures used to mitigate the arrival, establishment, spread, and impacts of non-native forest insects and possible impediments to the successful implementation of these measures. Biosecurity successes are likely under-recognized because they are difficult to detect and quantify, whereas failures are more evident in the continued establishment of additional non-native species. There are limitations in existing biosecurity systems at global and country scales (for example, inspecting all imports is impossible, no phytosanitary measures are perfect, knownunknowns cannot be regulated against, and noncompliance is an ongoing problem). Biosecurity should be a shared responsibility across countries, governments, stakeholders, and individuals.
随着贸易和旅行的持续全球化，非本地森林昆虫所带来的经济和环境威胁日益增加；因此，通过有效的生物安保措施来减轻这些威胁的需求比以往任何时候都更加迫切。然而，尽管经过了几十年的研究和实施边境前、边境和边境后的预防措施，昆虫入侵仍在继续发生，而且没有迹象表明这种情况已经饱和，甚至预计还会加速。在本文中，我们回顾了用于减轻非本地森林昆虫的到来、建立、传播和影响的生物安保措施，以及这些措施在成功实施方面可能存在的障碍。生物安保的成功可能被低估了，因为它们很难被发现和量化，而失败则更明显地表现在不断有新的非本地物种的建立上。在全球和国家层面上，现有的生物安保系统存在局限性（例如，检查所有进口产品是不可能的，没有一种植物检疫措施是完美的，未知的未知因素无法得到监管，不遵守规定是一个持续存在的问题）。生物安保应该是各国、政府、利益相关者和个人共同承担的责任。
