Jiao Zhigang, He Zhengyi, Liu Nanhai, Lai Yanwei, Zhong Tianyu
Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.
Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.
Front Cell Neurosci. 2022 Sep 20;16:979856. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2022.979856. eCollection 2022.
Neuropathy is a growing public health problem in the aging, adolescent, and sport-playing populations, and the number of individuals at risk of neuropathy is growing; its risks include aging, violence, and conflicts between players. The signal pathways underlying neuronal aging and damage remain incompletely understood and evidence-based treatment for patients with neuropathy is insufficiently delivered; these are two of the reasons that explain why neuropathy is still not completely curable and why the progression of the disease cannot be inhibited. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) shuttling is an important pathway in disease progression. Previous studies have focused on the EVs of cells that support and protect neurons, such as astrocytes and microglia. This review aims to address the role of neuronal EVs by delineating updated mechanisms of neuronal damage and summarizing recent findings on the function of neuronal EVs. Challenges and obstacles in isolating and analyzing neuronal EVs are discussed, with an emphasis on neuron as research object and modification of EVs on translational medicine.
神经病变在老年人群、青少年人群以及从事体育运动的人群中已成为一个日益严重的公共卫生问题，且面临神经病变风险的个体数量正在增加；其风险包括衰老、暴力以及运动员之间的冲突。神经元衰老和损伤背后的信号通路仍未完全明确，针对神经病变患者的循证治疗也未得到充分实施；这两点解释了为什么神经病变仍无法完全治愈以及疾病进展为何无法得到抑制。细胞外囊泡（EVs）穿梭是疾病进展中的一条重要途径。先前的研究主要聚焦于支持和保护神经元的细胞（如星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞）所释放的细胞外囊泡。本综述旨在通过阐述神经元损伤的最新机制并总结关于神经元细胞外囊泡功能的最新研究结果，来探讨神经元细胞外囊泡的作用。文中讨论了分离和分析神经元细胞外囊泡时面临的挑战与障碍，重点强调以神经元作为研究对象以及细胞外囊泡在转化医学方面的修饰。
