Si Zi-Zhen, Zou Chen-Jun, Mei Xi, Li Xiao-Fang, Luo Hu, Shen Yao, Hu Jun, Li Xing-Xing, Wu Lun, Liu Yu
Pharmacy Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China.
Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China.
Neural Regen Res. 2023 Apr;18(4):708-715. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.353484.
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by sustained neuroinflammation leading to memory loss and cognitive decline. The past decade has witnessed tremendous efforts in Alzheimer's disease research; however, no effective treatment is available to prevent disease progression. An increasing body of evidence suggests that neuroinflammation plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, alongside the classical pathological hallmarks such as misfolded and aggregated proteins (e.g., amyloid-beta and tau). Firstly, this review summarized the clinical and pathological characteristics of Alzheimer's disease. Secondly, we outlined key aspects of glial cell-associated inflammation in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and provided the latest evidence on the roles of microglia and astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease pathology. Then, we revealed the double-edged nature of inflammatory cytokines and inflammasomes in Alzheimer's disease. In addition, the potential therapeutic roles of innate immunity and neuroinflammation for Alzheimer's disease were also discussed through these mechanisms. In the final section, the remaining key problems according to the current research status were discussed.
阿尔茨海默病的特征是持续的神经炎症，导致记忆丧失和认知能力下降。在过去十年里，阿尔茨海默病的研究投入了巨大努力；然而，目前尚无有效的治疗方法来阻止疾病进展。越来越多的证据表明，神经炎症在阿尔茨海默病发病机制中起着重要作用，同时还伴随着诸如错误折叠和聚集蛋白（如β-淀粉样蛋白和tau蛋白）等经典病理特征。首先，本综述总结了阿尔茨海默病的临床和病理特征。其次，我们概述了阿尔茨海默病发病机制中与神经胶质细胞相关的炎症的关键方面，并提供了关于小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞在阿尔茨海默病病理学中作用的最新证据。然后，我们揭示了炎症细胞因子和炎性小体在阿尔茨海默病中的双刃剑性质。此外，还通过这些机制讨论了固有免疫和神经炎症对阿尔茨海默病的潜在治疗作用。在最后一部分，根据当前的研究现状讨论了剩余的关键问题。
