Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Pharmacology, Institute of Aging Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; Department of Medicine and VAPSHCS, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Ageing Res Rev. 2022 Nov;81:101743. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101743. Epub 2022 Oct 4.
As a complicated process, aging is characterized by various changes at the cellular, subcellular and nuclear levels, one of which is epigenetic aging. With increasing awareness of the critical role that epigenetic alternations play in aging, DNA methylation patterns have been employed as a measure of biological age, currently referred to as the epigenetic clock. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the epigenetic clock as a biomarker of aging and a useful tool to manage healthy aging. In this burgeoning scientific field, various kinds of epigenetic clocks continue to emerge, including Horvath's clock, Hannum's clock, DNA PhenoAge, and DNA GrimAge. We hereby present the most classic epigenetic clocks, as well as their differences. Correlations of epigenetic age with morbidity, mortality and other factors suggest the potential of epigenetic clocks for risk prediction and identification in the context of aging. In particular, we summarize studies on promising age-reversing interventions, with epigenetic clocks employed as a practical tool in the efficacy evaluation. We also discuss how the lack of higher-quality information poses a major challenge, and offer some suggestions to address existing obstacles. Hopefully, our review will help provide an appropriate understanding of the epigenetic clocks, thereby enabling novel insights into the aging process and how it can be manipulated to promote healthy aging.
作为一个复杂的过程,衰老的特征是在细胞、亚细胞和核水平上的各种变化,其中之一是表观遗传衰老。随着人们对表观遗传改变在衰老中的关键作用的认识不断提高,DNA 甲基化模式已被用作生物年龄的衡量标准,目前称为表观遗传时钟。本综述全面概述了表观遗传时钟作为衰老的生物标志物以及管理健康衰老的有用工具。在这个迅速发展的科学领域,各种类型的表观遗传时钟不断涌现,包括 Horvath 时钟、Hannum 时钟、DNA PhenoAge 和 DNA GrimAge。我们在此介绍最经典的表观遗传时钟及其差异。表观遗传年龄与发病率、死亡率和其他因素的相关性表明,表观遗传时钟在衰老背景下具有进行风险预测和识别的潜力。特别是,我们总结了关于有前途的逆转衰老干预措施的研究,将表观遗传时钟用作疗效评估的实用工具。我们还讨论了缺乏高质量信息所带来的主要挑战,并提出了一些解决现有障碍的建议。希望我们的综述能帮助人们对表观遗传时钟有一个适当的理解,从而为深入了解衰老过程以及如何操纵它以促进健康衰老提供新的见解。
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