Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 25, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2022 Oct 8;38(12):232. doi: 10.1007/s11274-022-03421-2.
The consumption of foods fraught with histamine can lead to various allergy-like symptoms if the histamine is not sufficiently degraded in the human body. The degradation occurs primarily in the small intestine, naturally catalyzed by the human diamine oxidase (DAO). An inherent or acquired deficiency in human DAO function causes the accumulation of histamine and subsequent intrusion of histamine into the bloodstream. The histamine exerts its effects acting on different histamine receptors all over the body but also directly in the intestinal lumen. The inability to degrade sufficient amounts of dietary histamine is known as the 'histamine intolerance'. It would be preferable to solve this problem initially by the production of histamine-free or -reduced foods and by the oral supplementation of exogenous DAO supporting the human DAO in the small intestine. For the latter, DAOs from mammalian, herbal and microbial sources may be applicable. Microbial DAOs seem to be the most promising choice due to their possibility of an efficient biotechnological production in suitable microbial hosts. However, their biochemical properties, such as activity and stability under process conditions and substrate selectivity, play important roles for their successful application. This review deals with the advances and challenges of DAOs and other histamine-oxidizing enzymes for their potential application as processing aids for the production of histamine-reduced foods or as orally administered adjuvants to humans who have been eating food fraught with histamine.
如果人体内没有充分降解组胺，食用富含组胺的食物可能会导致各种类似过敏的症状。这种降解主要发生在小肠中，由人体二胺氧化酶（DAO）自然催化。人体 DAO 功能的固有或获得性缺乏会导致组胺的积累，并随后使组胺侵入血液。组胺通过作用于全身不同的组胺受体以及直接在肠腔中发挥作用。不能降解足够量的膳食组胺被称为“组胺不耐受”。通过生产无组胺或低组胺的食物和口服补充外源性 DAO 来支持小肠中的人体 DAO，从而解决这个问题会更好。对于后者，来自哺乳动物、植物和微生物来源的 DAO 可能适用。由于微生物 DAO 可以在合适的微生物宿主中进行高效的生物技术生产，因此它们似乎是最有前途的选择。然而，它们的生化特性，如活性和在加工条件下的稳定性以及底物选择性，对于它们的成功应用起着重要作用。本文综述了 DAO 和其他组胺氧化酶的进展和挑战，以及它们作为生产低组胺食物的加工助剂或作为食用富含组胺食物的人类的口服佐剂的潜在应用。
