Department of Clinical Allergology and Immunology, Oncological Institute of St. Elizabeth, Heydukova 2157/10, 812 50 Bratislava, Slovakia.
Institute of Immunology and Allergology, Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia.
Nutrients. 2021 Jun 29;13(7):2228. doi: 10.3390/nu13072228.
The intake of food may be an initiator of adverse reactions. Food intolerance is an abnormal non-immunological response of the organism to the ingestion of food or its components in a dosage normally tolerated. Despite the fact that food intolerance is spread throughout the world, its diagnosing is still difficult. Histamine intolerance (HIT) is the term for that type of food intolerance which includes a set of undesirable reactions as a result of accumulated or ingested histamine. Manifestations may be caused by various pathophysiological mechanisms or a combination of them. The problem with a "diagnosis" of HIT is precisely the inconstancy and variety of the manifestations in the same individual following similar stimuli. The diagnosing of HIT therefore requires a complex time-demanding multidisciplinary approach, including the systematic elimination of disorders with a similar manifestation of symptoms. Among therapeutic approaches, the gold standard is a low-histamine diet. A good response to such a diet is considered to be confirmation of HIT. Alongside the dietary measures, DAO supplementation supporting the degradation of ingested histamine may be considered as subsidiary treatment for individuals with intestinal DAO deficiency. If antihistamines are indicated, the treatment should be conscious and time-limited, while 2nd or 3rd generation of H antihistamines should take precedence.
进食可能是引发不良反应的一个因素。食物不耐受是机体对摄入的食物或其成分在正常可耐受剂量下产生的异常非免疫反应。尽管食物不耐受在全球范围内普遍存在，但对其的诊断仍然很困难。组胺不耐受（HIT）是一种食物不耐受的类型，它包括由于积累或摄入的组胺引起的一系列不良反应。表现可能由各种病理生理机制或它们的组合引起。HIT 的“诊断”存在一个问题，即同一个体在受到类似刺激时，其表现具有不稳定性和多样性。因此，HIT 的诊断需要一个复杂的、耗时的多学科方法，包括系统地排除具有类似症状表现的疾病。在治疗方法中，金标准是低组胺饮食。对这种饮食的良好反应被认为是 HIT 的确认。除了饮食措施外，对于肠道 DAO 缺乏的个体，补充支持摄入的组胺降解的 DAO 可能被视为辅助治疗。如果需要使用抗组胺药，治疗应该是有意识和限时的，而第二代或第三代 H 抗组胺药应优先考虑。
