Charlier Johannes, Barkema Herman W, Becher Paul, De Benedictis Paola, Hansson Ingrid, Hennig-Pauka Isabel, La Ragione Roberto, Larsen Lars E, Madoroba Evelyn, Maes Dominiek, Marín Clara M, Mutinelli Franco, Nisbet Alasdair J, Podgórska Katarzyna, Vercruysse Jozef, Vitale Fabrizio, Williams Diana J L, Zadoks Ruth N
DISCONTOOLS, AnimalhealthEurope, Brussels, Belgium; Kreavet, Kruibeke, Belgium.
One Health at UCalgary, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Lancet Planet Health. 2022 Oct;6(10):e812-e824. doi: 10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00147-4.
Animal health is a prerequisite for global health, economic development, food security, food quality, and poverty reduction, while mitigating against climate change and biodiversity loss. We did a qualitative review of 53 infectious diseases in terrestrial animals with data from DISCONTOOLS, a specialist database and prioritisation model focusing on research gaps for improving infectious disease control in animals. Many diseases do not have any appropriate control tools, but the prioritisation model suggests that we should focus international efforts on Nipah virus infection, African swine fever, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, peste des petits ruminants, sheeppox and goatpox, avian influenza, Rift Valley fever, foot and mouth disease, and bovine tuberculosis, for the greatest impact on the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. Easy to use and accurate diagnostics are available for many animal diseases. However, there is an urgent need for the development of stable and durable diagnostics that can differentiate infected animals from vaccinated animals, to exploit rapid technological advances, and to make diagnostics widely available and affordable. Veterinary vaccines are important for dealing with endemic, new, and emerging diseases. However, fundamental research is needed to improve the convenience of use and duration of immunity, and to establish performant marker vaccines. The largest gap in animal pharmaceuticals is the threat of pathogens developing resistance to available drugs, in particular for bacterial and parasitic (protozoal, helminth, and arthropod) pathogens. We propose and discuss five research priorities for animal health that will help to deliver a sustainable and healthy planet: vaccinology, antimicrobial resistance, climate mitigation and adaptation, digital health, and epidemic preparedness.
动物健康是全球健康、经济发展、粮食安全、食品质量及减贫的前提条件，同时有助于缓解气候变化和生物多样性丧失问题。我们利用DISCONTOOLS（一个专注于改善动物传染病控制研究差距的专业数据库和优先排序模型）中的数据，对陆生动物的53种传染病进行了定性综述。许多疾病没有任何合适的控制手段，但优先排序模型表明，我们应将国际力量集中于尼帕病毒感染、非洲猪瘟、牛传染性胸膜肺炎、小反刍兽疫、绵羊痘和山羊痘、禽流感、裂谷热、口蹄疫以及牛结核病，以便对联合国可持续发展目标产生最大影响。许多动物疾病都有易于使用且准确的诊断方法。然而，迫切需要开发稳定耐用的诊断方法，以区分感染动物和接种疫苗的动物，利用快速的技术进步，并使诊断方法广泛可得且价格低廉。兽用疫苗对于应对地方病、新出现和正在出现的疾病很重要。然而，需要开展基础研究，以提高使用便利性和免疫持续时间，并建立高效的标记疫苗。动物药品方面最大的差距在于病原体对现有药物产生耐药性的威胁，尤其是对细菌和寄生虫（原生动物、蠕虫和节肢动物）病原体。我们提出并讨论了动物健康的五个研究重点，这将有助于实现一个可持续且健康的星球：疫苗学、抗微生物药物耐药性、气候缓解与适应、数字健康和疫情防范。
